Waveform Parameter Estimation via Surface Fitting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for estimating pulse wave velocity (PWV) are invasive, inaccurate, or suffer from high variability, particularly in non-invasive phase contrast MRI techniques, which struggle to reliably calculate PWV due to the non-linearity of blood velocity and vessel compliance.
Innovation Solution
A framework that generates time-based waveforms from analysis planes along a vessel's centerline, fitting a complex surface to the upslope regions to accurately capture non-linearity and estimate waveform parameters like PWV with improved accuracy and reproducibility, using semi-automated centerline extraction and robust fitting strategies.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional ultrasound or catheterization methods are used to measure PWV, then measurement can be performed, but invasiveness increases and measurement accuracy deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical measurement systems (ultrasound, catheterization) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure PWV. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves instead of mechanical probes or catheters, enabling non-invasive measurement while maintaining or improving measurement accuracy through sophisticated image processing techniques.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces phase contrast MRI as an intermediary measurement modality between the vascular system and the analyst. By using MRI with phase contrast techniques, the system can non-invasively capture blood flow information and calculate PWV without direct contact or intrusion into the vascular system.
2Adaptability or versatility
If plane fitting of flow waveform upslope regions is used, then comprehensive PWV analysis is achieved, but systematic underestimation of PWV occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the mathematical model parameters from simple linear plane fitting to more complex surface fitting models that can capture non-linear variations in blood velocity and vessel compliance. By using higher-order polynomials or other non-linear functions, the system accurately models the physiological reality of PWV variation along the vessel while avoiding systematic underestimation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces dynamic modeling that accounts for variations in blood velocity and vessel compliance along the vessel length. Instead of using a static plane fit, the system employs dynamic surface fitting that can adapt to changing physiological conditions and spatial variations, thereby improving PWV calculation accuracy while maintaining comprehensive analysis capability.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If existing 2D phase contrast MRI techniques are used, then non-invasive PWV measurement is achieved, but measurement variability increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the vessel into multiple measurement sections along its length, with each section having its own PWV calculation. By dividing the vessel into discrete segments and analyzing each separately, the system reduces measurement variability through localized analysis while maintaining non-invasive measurement. This segmentation approach allows for more consistent and reliable PWV measurements by avoiding averaging effects that introduce variability.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein is a framework for facilitating waveform parameter estimation. In accordance with one aspect, time-based waveforms are generated based on analysis planes positioned along a centerline of the vessel. A surface may be fitted to upslope regions of the waveforms to determine one or more waveform parameters based on intersection of the surface with the upslope regions.