Additive Waveguide Metallization for Bubble-Free Internal Plating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for manufacturing waveguides with complex sections face challenges such as air bubbles preventing adequate metal plating, reagent stagnation leading to defects, and the need for additional assembly steps, which result in inefficient and irregular conductive coatings in narrow, long channels.

Innovation Solution

The method involves additively manufacturing a core with through holes to facilitate bubble evacuation and fluid circulation during metal deposition, allowing for consistent and improved conductive metal coating on internal surfaces without electric current, and optionally metallizing external surfaces for mechanical rigidity and protection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional metal plating methods are used on narrow, long waveguide channels, then the internal surfaces can be coated with conductive metal, but air bubbles prevent adequate plating and reagent stagnation leads to defects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemetal plating uniformityVSAvoidcoating quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The waveguide core is segmented with through-holes that divide the narrow, long channel into multiple sections. This segmentation allows reagent fluid to circulate more effectively and prevents stagnation in any single section, while also facilitating bubble evacuation to ensure uniform metal plating throughout the entire channel length

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Through-holes act as intermediary pathways that connect different sections of the waveguide channel. These holes serve as mediators for fluid circulation and bubble escape, enabling the plating reagent to reach all internal surfaces effectively and ensuring consistent coating quality without defects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If additional assembly steps are used to manufacture waveguides with complex sections, then manufacturing flexibility is improved, but production time and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaveguide shape complexityVSAvoidmanufacturing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The through-holes are integrated directly into the waveguide core structure during the additive manufacturing process, merging the functional feature (bubble evacuation and fluid circulation) with the structural component. This eliminates the need for separate assembly steps to add these features, improving manufacturing efficiency while maintaining the ability to produce complex waveguide shapes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The through-holes serve multiple functions simultaneously: they provide bubble evacuation pathways, enable reagent fluid circulation for uniform plating, and maintain structural integrity of the waveguide core. This multi-functionality is achieved through a single manufacturing process step, enhancing both versatility and productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Weight of moving object

If non-conductive cores are used to reduce weight and cost, then manufacturing flexibility is improved, but additional metal coating steps are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewaveguide weightVSAvoidmanufacturing process steps
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The additive manufacturing process preliminarily creates the waveguide core with integrated through-holes in the desired complex shape before the metal plating step. This preliminary structuring ensures that the core is ready for efficient plating with built-in fluid circulation pathways, reducing the need for additional processing steps while maintaining weight advantages of the non-conductive core

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures more uniform and effective metal deposition, reducing defects and enhancing the mechanical and chemical robustness of waveguides while maintaining signal integrity, particularly in complex shapes and narrow channels.

Implementation Method 1

depositing a layer of conductive metal on the internal surfaces, by immersion in a reagent fluid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical deposition: Deposition (physical)

Implementation Method 2

said core comprising at least one through hole of constant section between said external and internal surfaces of the side walls, specifically intended to promote the evacuation of bubbles in said channel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBubble evacuation: Bubble

Implementation Method 3

specifically intended to promote the evacuation of bubbles in said channel and/or the circulation of the fluid during said immersion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid circulation: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3424103B1Method for the additive manufacturing of a waveguide and waveguide devices produced according to said method
Publication Date: 2024.07.17 SWISSTO 12 SA
  • EP3424103B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3424103B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3424103B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~5O

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for producing a waveguide device (1), comprising the following steps: producing a core (2) consisting of a non-conductive material, said core comprising side walls with outer surfaces (21) and inner surfaces (20), the inner surfaces defining a waveguide channel (5); and depositing a layer of conductive metal (3) on the inner surfaces (20), by immersion in a fluid of reactants; characterised in that said core (2) comprises at least one hole (7) between said outer and inner surfaces, specifically used to encourage the removal of bubbles from said channel (5) and/or the circulation of the fluid during said immersion.