Dual-Mode Waveguide Full-Duplex Transceiver for High TX-RX Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current full-duplex wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving high isolation between transmitter and receiver channels, particularly in the analog domain, due to the complexity and cost of active RFIC architectures.
Innovation Solution
A full-duplex transceiver design utilizing a dual-polarized antenna and a dual-mode waveguide circulator, which achieves high isolation without active circuits by leveraging mode and polarization orthogonality, thereby reducing self-interference.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If active RFIC circuits (attenuator, gain, phase shifter blocks) are used to create a replica of the leakage signal and subtract it from the received signal, then the attenuation of the self-interference signal is enhanced, but the device complexity and cost increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for complex active RFIC circuits by using a passive waveguide circulator that inherently separates transmit and receive paths through mode conversion. The harmful self-interference signal is blocked by the circulator's non-reciprocal properties rather than being actively cancelled, removing the need for attenuators, gain blocks, and phase shifters.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the electronic active circuit system with a passive electromagnetic waveguide system. Instead of using active RFIC components to manipulate signals electronically, the invention uses a waveguide circulator with mode conversion (TE10 to TE20) to achieve signal separation passively, eliminating the need for complex electronic control circuits.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If active circuits including attenuator, gain, and phase shifter blocks are used to manipulate and subtract the leakage signal, then the self-interference attenuation is improved, but the power consumption increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The waveguide circulator performs the isolation function passively without requiring external power. The circulator's non-reciprocal electromagnetic properties inherently direct signals in specific directions and block self-interference paths, eliminating the need for powered active circuits that would consume significant energy.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If active RFIC circuits are used to achieve high isolation between transmitter and receiver channels, then the self-interference signal reduction is improved, but the linearity deteriorates due to non-linear issues in active circuits
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces active electronic circuits with a passive waveguide system that maintains signal linearity. The waveguide circulator uses passive electromagnetic mode conversion and non-reciprocal propagation to achieve isolation without introducing the non-linear distortions inherent in active RFIC components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed transceiver achieves isolation greater than 70 dB over a 90 MHz bandwidth, enabling reliable full-duplex operation without the need for costly active circuits, thus simplifying design and reducing power consumption.
Implementation Method 1
the dual-mode waveguide circulator is configured to: in response to electromagnetic waves being received at the transmitter port, guide a TE10 mode of the electromagnetic waves to the antenna for coupling the TE10 mode of the electromagnetic waves to the antenna
Implementation Method 2
the dual-polarized antenna is configured to: transmit first electromagnetic waves polarized by the dual-polarized antenna according to a first polarization; and receive second electromagnetic waves polarized according to a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization
Implementation Method 3
The waveguide circulator may further comprise a coupler for: coupling, to the antenna, the TE10 mode of the electromagnetic waves received at the transmitter port; and coupling, to the waveguide circulator, the TE20 mode of the second electromagnetic waves received at the antenna
Data Source
AI summary
A full-duplex transceiver includes a dual-polarized antenna, a dual-mode waveguide circulator, and at least a receiver port and a transmitter port. The dual-polarized antenna is configured to transmit first electromagnetic waves polarized by the dual-polarized antenna according to a first polarization, and receive second electromagnetic waves polarized according to a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. In response to electromagnetic waves being received at the transmitter port, the waveguide circulator guides a TE10 mode of the electromagnetic waves to the antenna for coupling the TE10 mode of the electromagnetic waves to the antenna and polarizing the electromagnetic waves according to the first polarization to form the first electromagnetic waves. In response to the second electromagnetic waves being received at the antenna, the waveguide circulator couples a TE20 mode of the second electromagnetic waves and guides the TE20 mode of the second electromagnetic waves to the receiver port.