Waveguide Structure for Mid-IR Multiwavelength DFB Laser

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Solution Overview

Problem

Concatenated DFB quantum cascade lasers suffer from high losses when unused laser sections are unbiased and high power usage when biased, limiting their power efficiency and wavelength tunability.

Innovation Solution

A waveguide structure that passively guides light out of the gain region and into an adjacent waveguide layer, using non-physically linked optical waveguides to reduce losses and maintain unbiased sections, combined with a superlattice gain material and phase-shifted gratings for enhanced wavelength tunability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If unused laser sections are biased to reduce losses, then wavelength tunability is improved, but power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength tunabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The laser device is divided into multiple independently controllable laser sections, each capable of operating at different wavelengths. This segmentation allows selective biasing of only the sections needed for current operation, rather than biasing all sections, thereby reducing power consumption while maintaining wavelength tunability across the full spectral range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The biasing state of each laser section is dynamically adjusted based on operational requirements. Sections that are currently active are biased to reduce losses, while unused sections remain unbiased to save power. This dynamic control enables the system to adapt power consumption to actual operational needs while maintaining full wavelength tunability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Use of energy by moving object

If unused laser sections are left unbiased to reduce power usage, then power efficiency is improved, but losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower efficiencyVSAvoidoptical losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the laser into independent sections with separate bias control, the invention allows optical losses to be localized only to the necessary active sections rather than affecting the entire device. This segmentation enables unbiased sections to be truly inactive and loss-free while maintaining overall system performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different biasing conditions are applied to different sections based on their operational status. Active sections receive bias to minimize optical losses, while unused sections remain unbiased to maximize power efficiency. This local differentiation of quality (biasing state) optimizes the trade-off between losses and power efficiency for each section individually.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple DFB lasers are concatenated to expand wavelength range, then wavelength tunability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength rangeVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple DFB laser sections are merged into a single integrated device structure with shared common elements such as waveguides, gratings, and substrate. This merging approach achieves the expanded wavelength range of multiple lasers while reducing overall device complexity compared to separate laser devices, as the concatenated structure shares infrastructure and can be fabricated as a single unit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design reduces loss and power consumption while maintaining expanded wavelength tunability, enabling efficient operation and broader spectral coverage for mid-IR applications, such as chemical analysis via infrared spectroscopy.

Implementation Method 1

Distributed feedback ('DFB') lasers are a solid state diode laser technology that incorporates a diffraction grating into the active region of the laser

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

each lasing section comprises gratings have non-equivalent periods or Bragg wavelengths

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBragg diffraction: Bragg Diffraction

Implementation Method 3

the gain material generates photons by intersubband or interband transitions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntersubband transition:

Implementation Method 4

the gain material generates photons by intersubband or interband transitions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInterband transition:

Implementation Method 5

a passive waveguide, wherein each bridge is spatially located between the active waveguide and passive waveguide

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2828939B1Waveguide structure for mid-IR multiwavelength concatenated distributed-feedback laser with an active core made of cascaded stages
Publication Date: 2019.05.08 THORLABS QUANTUM ELECTRONICS INC
  • EP2828939B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2828939B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP2828939B1 patent drawingFigure 6~6B

AI summary

Concatenated distributed feedback lasers having novel waveguides are disclosed. The waveguides allow for coupling of the laser beam between active and passive waveguide structures and improved device design and output efficiency. Methods of making along with methods of using such devices are also disclosed.