3D Waveguide Power Divider With Septum Phase Compensation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current radar antennas for autonomous vehicles face challenges in efficiently distributing and optimizing radar signal power for vertical polarization, leading to suboptimal sidelobe levels in far-field radiation patterns.

Innovation Solution

A three-dimensional waveguide antenna design with septum features and an impedance matching network that unevenly distributes radar signal power among multiple antenna elements, allowing for desired magnitude and phase relationships to minimize sidelobe levels, and can be manufactured using injection molding with metallic coatings.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If power is evenly distributed among antenna elements, then manufacturing and design are simplified, but sidelobe levels in far-field radiation patterns become suboptimal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower distribution designVSAvoidsidelobe levels
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by introducing an impedance matching network with different impedance values for different antenna elements. Specifically, the network provides different phase shifts and power distribution ratios to each element, creating an asymmetric power distribution pattern that optimizes the far-field radiation characteristics and minimizes sidelobe levels while maintaining manufacturing feasibility through a systematic design approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the impedance parameters of the power distribution network by incorporating matching networks with specific impedance values (e.g., 50 ohms, 75 ohms, 100 ohms) for different antenna elements. These parameter changes enable precise control over power distribution ratios and phase relationships, allowing optimization of radiation patterns and sidelobe suppression without overly complicating the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-generated harmful factors

If complex impedance matching networks are used to optimize power distribution, then sidelobe levels are minimized, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesidelobe levelsVSAvoidimpedance matching network
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing impedance matching networks only at specific antenna elements where phase and power adjustment are most critical for sidelobe suppression. Rather than complicating the entire power distribution system, the matching networks are strategically placed and designed with specific impedance values tailored to each element's position and radiation characteristics, optimizing performance while controlling overall complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Measurement precision

If vertical polarization is used for radar signals, then detection accuracy for autonomous vehicles is improved, but power distribution and phase control become more challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidphase and power control
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and pre-configuring the impedance matching networks with specific impedance values and topologies that are optimized for vertical polarization radar signals. The phase shifts and power distribution ratios are determined in advance based on the desired far-field radiation patterns for vertical polarization, eliminating the need for complex real-time adjustment mechanisms and simplifying the control system while maintaining detection accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design enhances the emission of vertically polarized radar signals with improved power distribution and phase relationships, reducing sidelobe levels and optimizing radar energy emission for autonomous vehicle applications.

Implementation Method 1

A three-dimensional waveguide antenna design with septum features and an impedance matching network that unevenly distributes radar signal power among multiple antenna elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectImpedance matching: Electrical Impedance Tomography

Implementation Method 2

A three-dimensional waveguide antenna design with septum features and an impedance matching network

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP4254668A1Phase compensated power divider for a vertical polarized three-dimensional (3D) antenna
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 GM CRUISE HOLDINGS LLC
  • EP4254668A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4254668A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4254668A1 patent drawingFigure 2C

AI summary

Aspects of the disclosed technology provide solutions for splitting power between different parts of a waveguide. Features inside of a waveguide may include an input and interconnected vertical and horizontal hollow spaces (i.e. channels). Other features may include structures (i.e. septum features) that reflect a portion of electromagnetic energy moving in a channel and may allow another portion of that electromagnetic (EM) energy to pass around those septum features. A horizontal channel of a waveguide may lead to several vertical channel of the waveguide and the septum features may reflect EM energy toward one particular vertical channel such that an amount of EM energy output from that particular vertical channel may be increased as compared to amounts of EM energy output from other vertical channels of the waveguide. Geometries of the waveguide features may focus emitted EM energy by splitting the EM energy into several different parts.