Waveguide Probe Head with Concentrated Ohmic Resistors for Low Ripple

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing probe heads with waveguides face challenges in achieving a smooth frequency response and low ripple in the transfer function, especially when dealing with high-frequency signals, due to the limitations of coaxial lines and complex production processes, which hinder flexible and comfortable adaptation at measuring points.

Innovation Solution

The use of a waveguide with a stripline containing multiple concentrated ohmic resistors distributed at fixed intervals, allowing for lengthening of the probe head with low ripple and favorable wave impedance, along with a passive splitter element and buffer amplifier for signal pre-amplification, reduces the demands on the measuring device and improves signal quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If the bandwidth of the probe is increased, then the measurement capability is improved, but the probe tip must be made more compact which causes impedance transformation and signal destruction at high frequencies

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoidsignal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A waveguide is introduced as an intermediary component between the probe tip and the measurement device. This waveguide serves as an extension cable that maintains high impedance and prevents signal destruction while allowing the probe tip to remain compact for high-frequency operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The probe system is divided into separate functional segments: a compact probe tip for high-frequency signal acquisition, a waveguide for signal transmission with controlled impedance, and a measurement device. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently for its specific function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Adaptability or versatility

If the probe tip is made longer to reach difficult measuring points, then adaptability is improved, but impedance transformation occurs at high frequencies causing signal destruction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccessibility to measuring pointsVSAvoidsignal integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The waveguide acts as an intermediary that decouples the physical length requirement from the electrical performance. The probe tip can be physically extended through the waveguide to reach difficult measuring points while the waveguide maintains controlled impedance to prevent signal destruction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The solution transitions from a direct linear extension of the probe tip to a multi-dimensional structure where the waveguide provides physical extension in one dimension while maintaining electrical performance through controlled impedance design in another dimension.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Loss of energy

If loss-free waveguides are used, then signal transmission is improved, but strong residual ripple remains in the transfer function

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal lossVSAvoidfrequency response smoothness
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The waveguide is designed with specific impedance parameters and dimensional characteristics that control the transfer function. By carefully selecting the waveguide's physical dimensions and impedance values, the system achieves both low signal loss and reduced residual ripple in the frequency response.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Manufacturing precision

If attenuated waveguides are used to reduce ripple, then frequency response is improved, but production of coaxial lines with strong homogeneous attenuation becomes complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefrequency response smoothnessVSAvoidproduction complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of requiring homogeneous attenuation throughout the entire waveguide, the invention applies attenuation selectively in specific local regions. This localized damping approach reduces ripple in the frequency response while maintaining simplicity in the overall manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables low-loss, low-coupling, and undistorted signal transmission with minimal ripple and low input capacitance, enhancing the quality of the measured signal while avoiding the complexity of coaxial cables and maintaining high-frequency properties.

Implementation Method 1

The at least one stripline contains a plurality of concentrated ohmic resistors, which are distributed at fixed intervals over the length of the stripline

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOhmic resistance: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP2068156B1Probe head with waveguide with concentrated damping
Publication Date: 2018.05.30 ROHDE & SCHWARZ GMBH & CO KG
  • EP2068156B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2068156B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b
  • EP2068156B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The probe head comprises waveguides (33). One of the waveguides has a strip conductor. The strip conductor has multiple centered ohmic resistances (35). The centered ohmic resistances are divided in fixed distances over a length of the strip conductor. The size and distribution of centered ohmic resistances are positioned over a transfer function of the waveguide in one of the strip conductors. A resistive layer is provided, which is made from a nickel-chromium alloy.