Composite Unit-Cell Waveguide for Thin 60 GHz Coupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing waveguides face challenges in efficiently guiding electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies due to limitations in resonant frequency and coupling efficiency, particularly when using high dielectric constant materials, which often require larger dielectric bodies and result in bulkier designs.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating one or more electrically conductive layers on dielectric bodies within the waveguide, allowing for a smaller dielectric body size while maintaining a desired resonant frequency, thereby enhancing coupling efficiency and reducing the waveguide's thickness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high dielectric constant materials are used in waveguide unit cells, then the resonant frequency can be maintained, but the dielectric body size increases resulting in bulkier waveguide design

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresonant frequency maintenanceVSAvoiddielectric body size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines dielectric material with metallic layers to form a composite unit cell structure. The dielectric body provides the necessary dielectric constant for resonant frequency control, while the integrated metallic layers contribute to field confinement and coupling enhancement, allowing reduced dielectric volume while maintaining performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the unit cell structure by adding metallic layers and changing the geometric configuration. This parameter change allows the system to achieve the same resonant frequency with a smaller dielectric body volume by utilizing the combined electromagnetic properties of the composite structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If larger dielectric bodies are used to achieve desired resonant frequency, then resonant frequency can be maintained, but coupling efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresonant frequencyVSAvoidcoupling efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The integration of metallic layers with dielectric material creates a composite resonator that enhances electromagnetic field interaction. The metallic components provide strong field confinement and improved coupling to feed structures, while the dielectric portion maintains the resonant frequency, thereby improving overall coupling efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different materials (metallic and dielectric) in specific locations within the unit cell to optimize local electromagnetic field distribution. The metallic layers are positioned to enhance coupling regions, while the dielectric material is configured for resonant frequency control, creating localized quality enhancements that improve overall system performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Device complexity

If conventional waveguide structures are used, then simplicity is maintained, but waveguide thickness cannot be reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructure simplicityVSAvoidwaveguide thickness
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a composite structure combining dielectric and metallic layers in a planar configuration. This composite approach enables thickness reduction by utilizing the high dielectric constant materials to confine electromagnetic fields more effectively, allowing the waveguide to achieve the same guiding performance in a thinner profile

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from conventional three-dimensional waveguide structures to a more planar, integrated configuration. By arranging dielectric and metallic layers in stacked planes with periodic unit cells, the design achieves thickness reduction in the vertical dimension while maintaining waveguiding functionality through in-plane electromagnetic field confinement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enables a thinner waveguide that efficiently propagates electromagnetic waves by increasing coupling efficiency and achieving a desired resonant frequency, suitable for applications like 60 GHz communication and body area networks.

Implementation Method 1

Each unit cell includes a dielectric body having a second dielectric constant greater than the first dielectric constant at the operating frequency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric: Dielectric

Implementation Method 2

The unit cells are configured to resonantly couple to the emitted EMW having the operating frequency Γ

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3701588B1Waveguide and communication system
Publication Date: 2024.08.28 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
  • EP3701588B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3701588B1 patent drawingFigure 1B~1C
  • EP3701588B1 patent drawingFigure 1D

AI summary

A waveguide and a communication system including the waveguide are described. The waveguide is configured to propagate an electromagnetic wave having an operating frequency along the waveguide. The waveguide includes a substrate having a first dielectric constant, and an array of spaced apart unit cells at least partially embedded in the substrate and arranged along the waveguide. Each of a plurality of the unit cells in the array of spaced apart unit cells has a first transmission parameter S121 having a lowest resonant frequency Γ1 and includes a dielectric body and one or more electrically conductive layers disposed on and partially covering the dielectric body. The dielectric body has a second dielectric constant greater than the first dielectric constant at the operating frequency and has a second transmission parameter S221 having a lowest resonant frequency Γ2 greater than Γ1.