Portable Wax Tester for Adulteration Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for assessing the quality of beeswax and pharmaceutical waxes are inadequate, particularly as they are either unreliable, such as organoleptic methods, or require specialized laboratory equipment like GCMS and FTIR spectroscopy, limiting their accessibility to beekeepers and foundation makers.

Innovation Solution

A portable wax tester with a base, microcontroller, temperature sensor, and penetrating element, controlled by microactuators and optocouplers, measures penetration time and pressure to differentiate natural wax from modified wax by analyzing physical properties like viscosity and melting point.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If specialized laboratory equipment like GCMS and FTIR spectroscopy is used to detect wax adulteration, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and accessibility worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadulteration detection accuracyVSAvoidequipment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential measurement function from complex laboratory equipment. Instead of using full GCMS or FTIR systems, it isolates the core capability of measuring penetration characteristics and applies it through a simple mechanical needle penetration test combined with basic temperature control, achieving adulteration detection without the complexity of laboratory instruments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a simplified copy of the laboratory analysis function. Rather than replicating the full analytical capabilities of GCMS, it develops an analogous measurement system that copies the essential purpose (detecting wax modifications) through a different, simpler physical mechanism (penetration resistance measurement)

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Ease of operation

If organoleptic methods are used to assess wax quality, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetesting simplicityVSAvoidadulteration detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the subjective human sensory system (organoleptic evaluation) with an objective mechanical measurement system. The needle penetration test provides quantifiable data about wax resistance, substituting human taste and smell with a mechanical probe that measures penetration force and characteristics, thereby maintaining simplicity while improving precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the assessment from qualitative organoleptic parameters to quantitative mechanical parameters. By measuring penetration force, penetration depth, and penetration rate, the system converts subjective sensory evaluation into objective numerical data that accurately reflects wax quality and adulteration levels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If a portable device with multiple sensors and actuators is used to measure penetration time and pressure, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepenetration measurement accuracyVSAvoiddevice structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple measurement functions into a single integrated device. The penetration force sensor, penetration depth measurement, temperature control, and timing functions are combined in one portable unit, allowing simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters without requiring separate complex instruments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The device is designed with multi-functionality to reduce overall complexity. The same mechanical penetration mechanism serves multiple purposes: measuring wax resistance, determining penetration rate, and assessing temperature effects. This universal approach allows one device to perform what would otherwise require multiple specialized instruments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables easy, on-site discrimination between natural and modified waxes, providing accurate and accessible quality assessment, improving bee family health and product quality without the need for specialized equipment.

Implementation Method 1

a heater (6) and temperature sensor (7)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

temperature sensor (7) graduated in the range of wax softening

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 3

two micro actuators (10) are also installed to control sliding guide movement up to the home position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromechanical actuation: Linear Motor

Implementation Method 4

a panel is mounted with two optocouplers (11) for determining the time of sample penetration

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical detection: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3966548B1Wax tester
Publication Date: 2023.08.02 UNIV MARII CURIE SKODOWSKIEJ
  • EP3966548B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a wax tester, in particular beeswax, cosmetic waxes or waxes used in pharmaceutical formulations and articles like all kinds of candles or grave lanterns, designed to discern between the standard wax and waxes modified by substances which reduce its quality, which is easy to operate, portable, able to be commonly used in case of need. Different physical properties of a pure wax and wax modifying substances, enable recording and directing for reading by properly programmed electronic systems co-operating with the analyzer, the times connected with the rate of passing of a penetrating element through the wax being tested, depending on the kind and content of analyzed sample components.