Selective WBC Lysis Test Strip for Immunoassay
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional whole blood immunoassay systems face challenges in simultaneously detecting intracellular white blood cell proteins and extracellular serum or plasma components due to the lysis of all blood cells, which results in a red background that slows and obscures test results.
Innovation Solution
A test strip with selective white blood cell lysis and red blood cell capture, utilizing an absorbent pad, blood separation pad, and membrane pad configuration to reduce red color interference, allowing for faster and more accurate detection of intracellular and extracellular proteins.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If all blood cells are lysed to detect intracellular white blood cell proteins, then intracellular protein detection is enabled, but red background interference increases and test result interpretation is obscured
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the blood cell lysis process by introducing selective lysis conditions that differentiate between white blood cells and red blood cells. The test strip creates distinct zones with different lysis properties, allowing WBCs to be lysed for intracellular protein detection while RBCs remain intact or are separated, thus eliminating red background interference while maintaining detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different lysis conditions to different locations or components of the test strip. The absorbent pad contains agents selective for WBC lysis, while the blood separation pad creates conditions that preserve RBC integrity or facilitate their separation. This local differentiation of lysis quality enables simultaneous achievement of intracellular protein detection and red background reduction.
2Quantity of substance
If all blood cells are lysed to release intracellular proteins, then protein detection is possible, but test result interpretation time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary selective lysis of white blood cells before the detection phase, using the absorbent pad to release intracellular proteins in advance. This preliminary action prepares the sample by freeing target proteins while simultaneously removing the source of red background interference, so that when the test is read, the background is already cleared and interpretation time is reduced.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent accelerates the clearance of red background interference by using the blood separation pad to rapidly remove or separate red blood cells and heme components. This rushing through the problematic phase of red background persistence allows the test to transition quickly to the readable state, reducing overall interpretation time.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional filters are used to withhold all blood cells, then red background interference is reduced, but simultaneous detection of intracellular WBC proteins and extracellular serum components is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary substance or condition in the absorbent pad that selectively interacts with white blood cells to facilitate their lysis while leaving red blood cells unaffected. This intermediary enables the differentiation of cell types during the lysis process, allowing the system to simultaneously achieve intracellular protein release from WBCs and maintain RBC integrity for serum component detection, thereby expanding detection scope without red background interference.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration enables faster and more accurate interpretation of test results by minimizing red background interference, enhancing both visual and digital readings of immunoassay test strips within a shorter time frame.
Implementation Method 1
Selective lysis of the white blood cells takes place on the absorbent pad and any lysis of red blood cells and the associated heme is absorbed by the blood separation pad
Implementation Method 2
the associated heme is absorbed by the blood separation pad
Implementation Method 3
The absorbent pad overlaps with a blood separation pad, the blood separation pad overlaps with the conjugate pad and the conjugate pad overlaps with the membrane pad
Data Source
AI summary
A test strip with selective white blood cell (WBC) lysis for release of WBC contents and the capture and holding of red blood cells (RBC), allowing for fast clearance and result interpretation and more accurate results at early time points due to the lack of red color interference caused by background red heme color of lysing of RBCs. The removal of the red color interference enhances both visual and digital interpretation of test strips, such as test strips of an immunoassay test. The test strip enhances the detection of both intracellular proteins of WBCs and extracellular proteins of RBCs simultaneously such as MxA and CRP, MxA and PCT, MxA and HNL, and MxA and IL-6, MxA and myeloid cells (STREM-1), MxA and angiopoietin 2, MxA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1), MxA and heparin binding protein (HBP) or other combinations.