Wearable Bio-Signal Compression Using BPBD Sensing Matrix
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wearable devices face challenges in continuous ambulatory monitoring of bio-signals like ECG and PPG due to stringent constraints on battery life, memory usage, noise resilience, and adaptation to non-stationary signal properties, with traditional compression techniques being either resource-intensive or limited in flexibility.
Innovation Solution
The use of a Binary Permuted Block Diagonal (BPBD) sensing matrix with symmetric padding for continuous compressive sensing, allowing for flexible compression ratios and efficient power usage, enabling real-time compression and transmission of bio-signals while preserving signal fidelity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If continuous sampling of ECG signals at high rate is performed, then measurement precision is improved, but use of energy and memory increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts only the essential features of the ECG signal by using compressive sensing to capture signal characteristics at a reduced sampling rate (e.g., 128 Hz instead of 500 Hz), thereby maintaining measurement precision for critical events while significantly reducing power consumption and data volume
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts the sampling rate based on signal activity detection - using higher sampling rates during detected cardiac events to maintain precision, and lower rates during intervals to conserve energy, thus resolving the contradiction between continuous high-rate sampling and power consumption
2Measurement precision
If continuous sampling at high rate is performed, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and processing requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies compressive sensing encoding matrices in advance to transform the sampling process, allowing the system to capture sufficient signal information at reduced rates without requiring complex real-time processing, thus maintaining precision while reducing device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces compressive sensing as an intermediary technique between the sensor and processing units, using encoding matrices to pre-process the signal in a way that preserves essential features while reducing the computational burden on the wearable device
3Reliability
If continuous ambulatory monitoring is implemented, then reliability is improved, but adaptability to non-stationary signal properties deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adapts to non-stationary signal properties by detecting changes in signal characteristics during ambulatory monitoring and adjusting sampling rates and processing parameters accordingly, thus maintaining both reliability and adaptability
Data Source
AI summary
Described is an apparatus and method for data compression using compressive sensing in a wearable device. Described is also a machine-readable storage media having instruction stored thereon, that when executed, cause one or more processors to perform an operation comprising: receive an input signal from a sensor; convert the input signal to a digital stream; and symmetrically pad on either ends of the digital stream with a portion of the digital stream to form a padded digital stream.