Wearable Sensor Pulse Transit Time from ECG, BCG, and PPG
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Solution Overview
Problem
Patients in non-professional care settings often experience missed or delayed detection of vital sign changes due to reduced monitoring intensity, leading to potential deterioration in health status.
Innovation Solution
A wearable sensor system integrated with a printed circuit board and AI engine, comprising multiple sensors and a relay device, which analyzes vital signs using machine learning algorithms to provide early detection and minimize false alarms, and includes a haptic feedback system for patient alerts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If monitoring intensity is reduced in non-professional care settings, then device complexity and cost are lowered, but detection reliability of vital sign changes deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, temperature sensor, humidity sensor) into a single integrated wearable device that can be worn by patients in non-professional care settings. This merged device provides comprehensive monitoring functionality while maintaining portability and ease of use, resolving the contradiction between reduced complexity and maintained detection reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The wearable sensor system is designed with multi-functionality to monitor various vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and humidity simultaneously. This universal monitoring capability allows one device to replace multiple specialized monitoring tools, maintaining detection reliability while reducing overall system complexity for home care environments.
2Use of energy by moving object
If frequency of vital signs monitoring is decreased, then energy consumption and device battery life are improved, but detection precision of physiological instability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The system implements periodic monitoring with adaptive intervals, continuously collecting data when needed and reducing sampling frequency during stable periods. The wearable sensor activates sensors at strategic intervals to capture vital sign changes while minimizing energy consumption, balancing detection precision with battery life requirements for home care patients.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates feedback mechanisms where monitored vital signs are continuously evaluated against established thresholds and historical data. When anomalies are detected or patterns indicate potential deterioration, the system increases monitoring frequency automatically. This feedback-driven adaptive monitoring maintains detection precision while minimizing overall energy consumption by avoiding unnecessary continuous sampling during stable periods.
3Ease of operation
If intensity of patient care is reduced in non-professional settings, then ease of operation and patient independence are improved, but loss of time for detecting physiological deterioration increases
Solution Approach 1:
The wearable sensor system enables self-service monitoring where patients independently track their own vital signs without requiring professional care personnel. The device automatically collects, stores, and analyzes physiological data, providing patients with the ability to monitor their health status continuously. This self-service capability maintains patient independence while eliminating the time loss associated with manual monitoring by care providers.
Solution Approach 2:
The system provides continuous monitoring of vital signs through the wearable sensor that operates uninterrupted during the patient's wear period. This continuous action eliminates gaps in detection that occur with periodic manual monitoring, ensuring that physiological deterioration is detected immediately rather than after time delays. The continuous monitoring maintains patient independence while preventing time loss in detection.
Data Source
AI summary
A system for caring for a patient to serve a healthcare need of the patient includes a wearable sensor worn by the patient for obtaining healthcare data; a healthcare clinical system vanning a healthcare analysis subsystem for analyzing the healthcare data; and a relay device in communication selectively with the wearable sensor and the healthcare clinical system. Determining pulse transit time includes acquiring raw electrocardiogram, ballistocardiogram, and photoplethysmogram signals from a wearable sensor system; filtering said signals to remove physiological and motion artifacts; detecting R peaks from the ECG signal; detecting P points from the PPG signal based on said R peaks; determining pulse arrival time as the time interval between the R peaks and corresponding P points; detecting J peaks from the BCG signal; determining a pre-ejection period as the time interval between the R peaks and J peaks; and calculating the pulse transit time as PAT minus PEP.