Well Drilling Bit Venturi Decompression Hard Rock

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing well drilling bits, such as roller cone and PDC bits, are inefficient for drilling high-temperature and hard geological formations due to limitations in heat resistance and frequent replacement needs, respectively, leading to high costs and operational challenges.

Innovation Solution

A well drilling bit equipped with a venturi mechanism that generates a decompression region around the bit tip, using drilling fluid to rapidly cool and crack hard formations, reducing the need for frequent replacements and improving drilling efficiency in high-temperature and hard geological formations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If roller cone bits are used to drill hard rocks, then drilling capability on hard bedrocks is improved, but drilling speed becomes slow and bearing seal members fail at high temperatures

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedrilling capability on hard bedrocksVSAvoiddrilling speed

Core Design Contradiction:

StrengthVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical cutting system of roller cone bits with a hydraulic fracturing system. High-pressure drilling fluid is injected through nozzles to create hydraulic fractures in the rock, eliminating the need for mechanical contact between the bit and rock, thereby avoiding bearing seal failure while maintaining hard rock drilling capability

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses high-pressure hydraulic fracturing as the primary drilling mechanism. Drilling fluid is pressurized to exceed rock tensile strength, creating fractures that advance the borehole. This hydraulic approach enables both hard rock penetration and high-speed drilling without thermal degradation of mechanical components

Inventive Principle:

Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

2Temperature

If PDC bits are used to drill high temperature formations, then heat resistance is improved, but drilling efficiency on hard rocks deteriorates due to frequent wear and replacement

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveheat resistanceVSAvoiddrilling efficiency on hard rocks

Core Design Contradiction:

TemperatureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical abrasion-based PDC cutting system with a hydraulic fracturing system. Instead of relying on polycrystalline diamond cutters that wear against hard rock, high-pressure fluid creates fractures, eliminating mechanical contact and wear while maintaining effectiveness on hard formations

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the drilling mechanism from mechanical force application to hydraulic pressure application. By injecting drilling fluid at pressures exceeding rock tensile strength, the system achieves rock fracture without mechanical contact, thereby preventing cutter wear while maintaining drilling efficiency on hard rocks

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If bearing seal members made of rubber elastic body are used in roller cone bits, then mechanical sealing is achieved, but heat resistance is limited causing failure in high-temperature formations

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvesealing functionVSAvoidheat resistance

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent eliminates the mechanical bearing seal system entirely by replacing rotational mechanical cutting with hydraulic fracturing. The drill string rotates but the bit body does not contact rock mechanically, removing the need for high-temperature bearing seals and enabling operation in high-temperature formations

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and removes the bearing seal mechanism from the drilling system. By using hydraulic fracturing where the bit body does not mechanically engage the rock, the system eliminates components susceptible to high-temperature failure while maintaining drilling functionality

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The venturi mechanism effectively induces strength embrittlement in hard bedrocks, allowing for efficient drilling of high-temperature and hard formations with reduced bit replacement frequency and drilling costs, while eliminating the need for heat-resistant bearing seals.

Implementation Method 1

a venturi mechanism including a venturi tube having a reduced-diameter portion where the cross sectional area is reduced and capable of generating a decompression region around a tip of the bit body

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectVenturi effect: Venturi Effect

Implementation Method 2

The decompression region is more decompressed than a surrounding by the Venturi effect... rapidly cool and crack hard formations

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectThermal shock: Thermal Shock

Data Source

PatentUS11230890B2Well drilling bit and well drilling method using the same

Publication Date: 2022.01.25 TEISEKI DRILLING CO LTD

AI summary

A well drilling bit for drilling bedrocks includes a columnar bit body, and a drilling fluid flow path formed in the bit body to wash away drilled cuttings from a bottomhole and/or a periphery of the bit body. The flow path is provided with a venturi mechanism including a venturi tube having a reduced-diameter portion where a cross sectional area is reduced and capable of generating a decompression region around a tip of the bit body, the decompression region being more decompressed than a surrounding by the Venturi effect.