Wheel and Gear Assembly Radial Isolation Torque Transmission

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing aircraft ground taxi systems face inefficiencies in propulsion, high fuel consumption, and brake wear due to limited traction and space constraints, particularly when using nose landing gears, which are insufficient for reliable ground taxiing and pre-landing wheel spin-up.

Innovation Solution

A wheel assembly with radial isolation of the ring gear from wheel rim deformations, allowing torque transmission through a radial clearance interface, and a drive system detachably mounted on main landing gear for efficient power transmission and control, incorporating a motor and constant-velocity joint to maintain engagement during deflections.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If the ring gear is rigidly connected to the wheel rim, then torque transmission is strong, but the ring gear is subjected to deformations from the wheel rim under load

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque transmission strengthVSAvoidring gear deformation stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The connection between the ring gear and wheel rim is segmented into multiple discrete connection members (bolts, studs, or keys) distributed around the circumference. This segmentation allows the connection to accommodate local deformations while maintaining overall torque transmission integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Connection members serve as intermediaries between the ring gear and wheel rim, providing a controlled interface that transmits torque while isolating the ring gear from direct deformation. The connection members can elastically deform or allow slight relative movement to absorb deformation stresses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Stability of the object's composition

If a radial clearance interface is provided between the wheel hub and ring gear, then the ring gear is isolated from wheel rim deformations, but torque transmission path is lengthened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvering gear deformation stabilityVSAvoidtorque transmission path length
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The radial clearance interface is segmented into multiple discrete connection members distributed around the circumference. This segmentation allows the torque to be transmitted through multiple short paths rather than one long path, reducing the overall effect of the extended transmission distance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The connection transitions from a direct radial interface to a circumferential array of connection members. This dimensional change allows torque to be transmitted through the circumferential distribution of connection members, effectively managing the extended path length.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Area of stationary object

If nose landing gear is used for ground taxiing, then space requirements are reduced, but sufficient traction for reliable ground taxiing cannot be achieved

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelanding gear space footprintVSAvoidtraction force
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanical system is replaced by providing a drive interface (ring gear and pinion gear) that enables powered ground taxiing. This substitution allows the aircraft to generate its own propulsion force, replacing the need for external tow trucks and providing sufficient traction through the driven wheels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Power

If main engines are run at low power for ground taxiing, then propulsion efficiency is poor, but fuel consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveengine power outputVSAvoidfuel consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The propulsion function is segmented from the main engines to dedicated auxiliary power units (APUs) or electric motors. This segmentation allows the main engines to operate at efficient power levels while the auxiliary systems handle the low-power ground taxiing operations, improving overall fuel efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The auxiliary power units or electric motors provide multi-functionality by handling both ground taxiing propulsion and potential pre-landing wheel spin-up operations. This universal application optimizes energy use across different operational phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

5Speed

If wheel brakes are applied to limit ground taxi speeds, then ground taxi speed control is achieved, but brake wear increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveground taxi speed controlVSAvoidbrake service life
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The mechanical braking system is supplemented or replaced by a powered drive system with controlled acceleration and deceleration. The drive system can provide propulsive force for acceleration and regenerative braking or controlled power reduction for deceleration, reducing reliance on friction brakes and extending their service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables reliable aircraft ground taxiing with reduced fuel consumption and brake wear by optimizing torque transmission and traction, allowing for efficient power delivery and maintenance flexibility.

Implementation Method 1

incorporating a motor and constant-velocity joint to maintain engagement during deflections

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConstant-velocity joint mechanism: Gimbal

Implementation Method 2

The interface provides for radial isolation of the ring gear from deformations of the wheel rim while permitting torque to be transmitted through the interface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque transmission through clearance interface: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP3116778B1Wheel and gear assembly
Publication Date: 2020.05.06 AIRBUS OPERATIONS LTD
  • EP3116778B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3116778B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3116778B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wheel assembly (600) is disclosed, in which a ring gear (700) is movably mounted to the rim of the wheel (601), so that torque can be transmitted between wheel and rim, while the ring gear is isolated from deformations induced in the wheel rim.