Millimeter-Wave Wheel Geometry Scanning for Fast Runout Measurement

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining wheel geometrical dimensions are slow, inaccurate, and prone to errors due to environmental conditions and sensor limitations, particularly when using mechanical, ultrasonic, and optical sensors.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus utilizing a millimeter-wave radar system operating between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, preferably 76-81 GHz, for contactless scanning of wheel measurement points to determine geometrical dimensions, including runout, centering defects, and wobble, by measuring distances and angular positions relative to a reference.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If mechanical sensors are used to determine wheel geometrical dimensions, then the sensor can physically contact the wheel for measurement, but the measurement process becomes extremely slow and less accurate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement accuracyVSAvoidscanning speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical contact sensors with optical sensors that measure wheel geometrical dimensions contactlessly using light. This substitution eliminates physical contact between the sensor and wheel, enabling faster scanning speeds while maintaining or improving measurement accuracy through optical detection methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If ultrasonic sensors are used to determine wheel geometrical dimensions, then the sensor can measure distances, but the scanning speed is limited by the speed of sound

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement capabilityVSAvoidscanning speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes ultrasonic sensors with optical sensors that use light waves instead of sound waves for distance measurement. Since light travels significantly faster than sound, this substitution enables much higher scanning speeds while maintaining the capability to accurately measure wheel geometrical dimensions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If optical sensors are used to determine wheel geometrical dimensions, then the sensor can scan quickly, but the sensor is sensitive to environmental conditions and requires exposure time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvescanning speedVSAvoidmeasurement reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs multiple optical sensors positioned at different locations and angles around the wheel, and uses advanced signal processing algorithms to compensate for environmental factors such as lighting conditions, dust, and vibrations. This multi-sensor approach with environmental compensation maintains measurement reliability while preserving high scanning speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables fast, accurate, and reliable scanning of wheel geometries with a high number of samples per revolution, reducing processing time and eliminating sensor exposure errors.

Implementation Method 1

The step of contactless scanning involves the use of at least one millimeter-wave radar system operating at frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadar: Radar

Data Source

PatentEP4119890B1Method and apparatus for determining the geometrical dimensions of a vehicle wheel mounted such that it can rotate about an axis of rotation
Publication Date: 2025.12.10 SNAP ON EQUIP SRL
  • EP4119890B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4119890B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Method and related apparatus for determining the geometrical dimensions of a wheel, or at least one part of a wheel, with particular reference to vehicle wheels, in the context of a wheel maintenance process. This method uses contactless sensors which comprise a scanning radar system, preferably a millimeter-wave radar system, to scan the wheel, or at least one part of the wheel, quickly and accurately.