Wheel Loader Engine Speed Limiting During Raise-and-Run

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Solution Overview

Problem

In wheel loaders equipped with torque converter type travel drive systems, the high rate of increase in actual engine rotational speed during raise and run operations leads to increased travel speed and relatively low lift arm lifting speed, necessitating longer traveling distances and higher fuel consumption.

Innovation Solution

A wheel loader with a front working device, traveling state sensor, motion sensor, and controller that determines whether specific conditions for lift arm operation are met, and reduces the maximum engine rotational speed to limit vehicle speed during these operations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a conventional wheel loader is used, then it can perform basic loading operations, but it cannot effectively handle materials with high adhesion or abrasiveness due to lack of specialized bucket features

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptability to different material typesVSAvoidbucket structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The bucket is equipped with specific local features (teeth, ribs, edges) at critical contact points to handle particular material challenges. These localized structural enhancements allow the bucket to adapt to high adhesion, abrasiveness, or impact conditions without requiring complete redesign of the entire bucket structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The bucket design allows for dynamic adjustment of its functional characteristics through the selective engagement of different features (teeth, ribs, edges) based on material conditions. The structure can effectively change its operational properties by utilizing different geometric elements suited to specific loading scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If the bucket operates in high adhesion conditions, then it can load sticky materials, but material accumulates on the bucket bottom reducing efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveloading efficiency in adhesive conditionsVSAvoidtime lost to material accumulation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

V-shaped ribs are specifically positioned at the bottom of the bucket to create a geometric configuration that prevents material accumulation. This localized geometric feature addresses the adhesion problem at the critical bottom surface where material buildup would otherwise occur.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The design converts the potentially harmful adhesive property of materials into a beneficial gripping action. The V-shaped ribs and teeth leverage the adhesion of sticky materials to improve gripping action and loading efficiency, transforming the problem of material stickiness into an advantage for material handling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Productivity

If the bucket operates in high abrasiveness conditions, then it can handle abrasive materials, but the bucket structure wears down quickly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapability to handle abrasive materialsVSAvoidbucket durability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

Wear-resistant teeth and reinforced edges are placed at specific high-wear locations (contact points with material) rather than throughout the entire bucket. This localized reinforcement provides abrasion resistance where it is most needed while maintaining overall bucket integrity and extending service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Productivity

If the bucket operates in high impact conditions, then it can load heavy materials, but the bucket structure suffers damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapability to load heavy materialsVSAvoidbucket structural integrity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

Reinforced edges and impact-resistant features are concentrated at the bucket's leading edge and contact points where impact forces are applied. This localized strengthening protects the bucket structure from damage during heavy material loading while avoiding unnecessary reinforcement throughout the entire bucket.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

5Ease of manufacture

If conventional bucket design is used, then it has simple structure, but it lacks wear-resistant and cutting features needed for challenging materials

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidperformance in challenging conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The bucket incorporates wear-resistant teeth, cutting edges, and reinforcing ribs only at critical locations where they are most needed for handling challenging materials. This approach maintains relative manufacturing simplicity while adding targeted features that significantly improve performance in high adhesion, abrasiveness, and impact conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces the traveling distance required for raise and run operations and decreases fuel consumption by controlling engine speed in accordance with lift arm motion, ensuring efficient operation and reduced fuel usage.

Implementation Method 1

a torque converter type travel drive system that transmits the drive force of an engine to wheels via a torque converter

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque converter:

Data Source

PatentEP3660225B1Wheel loader
Publication Date: 2025.05.14 HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO LTD
  • EP3660225B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3660225B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3660225B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wheel loader is provided that can reduce the traveling distance required for a raise and run operation, and reduce fuel consumption. A wheel loader 1 includes: an engine 3; a torque converter 41; a forward and reverse switch 62; a stepping amount sensor 610; an operation amount sensor 73; and a controller 5. The controller 5 determines whether a specific condition for specifying an operation of the lift arm 21 in an upper direction during forward travel of the vehicle body, on the basis of a forward and reverse switching signal, the stepping amount on the accelerator pedal 61, and a pilot pressure Ti pertaining to the lifting operation amount for the lift arm 21. When the specific condition is satisfied, the vehicle speed is limited by reducing the maximum rotational speed of the engine 3 in response to increase in the pilot pressure Ti.