Configurable Wheel Vanes for Brake Cooling and Lower Drag

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing wheels for sports motor vehicles experience increased aerodynamic drag due to openings along the wheel axes, which are necessary for cooling brakes or electric motors, but these openings hinder energy efficiency.

Innovation Solution

A wheel design featuring a rim cover with through openings and movable vanes that can be configured to close or open these openings, thereby controlling aerodynamic drag, while maintaining sufficient cooling for vehicle components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If openings are provided in the rim for cooling brakes or electric motors, then cooling effectiveness is improved, but aerodynamic drag increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidaerodynamic drag
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the dynamics principle by making the rim cover movable between open and closed positions. The rim cover can be dynamically adjusted based on operating conditions: opened when cooling is required (high temperature) and closed when aerodynamic efficiency is prioritized (normal operation). This transforms a static rim structure into a dynamic one that adapts to varying thermal and aerodynamic demands, resolving the contradiction between cooling effectiveness and aerodynamic drag.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Loss of energy

If the rim cover is made movable to control openings, then aerodynamic drag can be reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaerodynamic dragVSAvoidrim cover mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the rim into separate functional components: a fixed rim body and a movable rim cover. This segmentation allows the rim cover to be independently controlled and moved relative to the rim body, enabling selective opening and closing of the cooling openings. The segmentation principle simplifies the overall mechanism compared to making the entire rim movable, as only the cover portion needs to be actuated.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The wheel design effectively reduces aerodynamic drag by closing the openings during normal operation and increases drag when needed for braking, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and performance.

Implementation Method 1

the aerodynamic drags of the vehicles are known to correspond to energy losses... the openings cause the drawback of increasing the aerodynamic drags of the motor vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAerodynamic drag: Drag

Implementation Method 2

allowing conveying air flows on the brakes or possibly on electric motors, in cases of integration of the electric motors into the wheels, for cooling the same

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP4563370A1Configurable wheel for a vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.06.04 FERRARI SPA
  • EP4563370A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4563370A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4563370A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wheel (4) for a vehicle (1) includes a rim (5) having a rotation axis (H) and one or more openings (5d, 11) for placing an inner volume (V) of the rim (5) in communication with a space outside the rim (5) and in front of the rim (5) according to the rotation axis (H), characterized by comprising one or more vanes (12) coupled to the rim (5) in a movable manner between a closed configuration and an open configuration, wherein the one or more vanes (12) close and open at least partially the one or more openings (5d, 11), respectively.