White Reflective Polymer Particles for Electrophoretic Displays

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Solution Overview

Problem

There is a demand for improved electrophoretic fluids with simple and cost-effective methods to produce white reflective particles that can be easily dispersed in non-polar media, suitable for low-power, low-cost, and lightweight display devices like electronic paper, which require long-term image retention without continuous voltage application.

Innovation Solution

A reverse emulsion solvent removal process is used to prepare white reflective polymer particles by forming a reverse emulsion with a polymer, white reflective particles, polar and non-polar solvents, and surfactants, followed by evaporative solvent removal, allowing for control of particle charge, size, and stability, resulting in particles with optimal scattering intensity and low density for use in electrophoretic displays.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If conventional methods are used to prepare white reflective particles, then particle production is achieved, but dispersion in non-polar media is difficult and solvent contamination occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of particle preparationVSAvoiddispersibility in non-polar media
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the solvent system parameters by using a reverse emulsion approach where a polar solvent (water) is removed evaporatively from a non-polar continuous phase. This parameter change enables the particles to be formed directly in the non-polar media required for electrophoretic displays, eliminating solvent contamination and ensuring good dispersibility without requiring additional transfer steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention extracts the polar solvent (water) from the emulsion system through evaporative removal. By taking out the unwanted polar component, the particles are left dispersed only in the non-polar continuous phase, which is suitable for electrophoretic display applications and eliminates solvent incompatibility issues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Illumination intensity

If inorganic nanoparticles are used, then white reflective properties are achieved, but density is high and dispersibility in non-polar media is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewhite reflective propertiesVSAvoidparticle density
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The invention creates composite particles by combining inorganic white reflective nanoparticles (such as titania, alumina, or barium sulphate) with an organic polymer matrix. This composite structure maintains the high reflective properties of the inorganic core while the polymer coating reduces overall particle density and provides compatibility with non-polar dielectric media through appropriate surfactant selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces an organic polymer and surfactant as intermediary materials between the inorganic nanoparticle core and the non-polar continuous phase. This intermediary layer improves dispersibility in non-polar media while maintaining the reflective properties of the inorganic core, and the polymer matrix helps reduce the effective density of the composite particles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If electrophoretic fluids are formulated with conventional particles, then display function is achieved, but response time is slow and power consumption is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedisplay functionVSAvoidresponse time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes particle parameters including size (50-500 nm range), charge density, and surface properties to improve electrophoretic mobility. By controlling these parameters during the reverse emulsion process, the particles achieve faster response times and reduced power consumption while maintaining reliable display function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Manufacturing precision

If multiple processing steps are used to prepare particles, then particle properties are controlled, but manufacturing complexity increases and cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle property controlVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges multiple functions into a single reverse emulsion process step. The process simultaneously achieves particle formation, solvent removal, and dispersion in the final non-polar media in one integrated operation, eliminating the need for separate processing steps and reducing manufacturing complexity while maintaining control over particle properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This process provides white reflective polymer particles with enhanced properties such as solvent resistance, non-swelling, high electrophoretic mobility, and faster response times, suitable for electrophoretic displays, while minimizing unwanted solvent contamination and enabling easy transfer to other solvents, thus addressing the need for improved electrophoretic fluids.

Implementation Method 1

forming a reverse emulsion comprising at least one polymer, at least one white reflective particle, at least one polar solvent, at least one non-polar solvent, and at least one surfactant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReverse emulsion: Emulsion

Implementation Method 2

removing the polar solvent or polar solvents by evaporative methods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 3

at least one surfactant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurfactant action: Surfactant

Data Source

PatentUS8906998B2White reflective polymer particles
Publication Date: 2014.12.09 E INK CORP

AI summary

This invention relates to white reflective polymer particles prepared by a reverse emulsion solvent removal process, electrophoretic fluids comprising such particles, and electrophoretic display devices comprising such fluids.