White Toner Composition for Charge Uniformity and Stable Printout

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing white toners suffer from charge uniformity issues and environmental stability, leading to image defects such as fogging and inconsistent image density due to broad charge amount distribution and charging instability.

Innovation Solution

A white toner formulation containing a white pigment with a work function of 5.80 eV to 6.10 eV and an inorganic fine particle with a work function of 6.15 eV or more, in specific mass ratios, to achieve charge neutralization and stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If conventional white pigments (aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide) are used as negative toner, then the toner can be formed with white color, but the white pigment is likely to be positively charged causing uneven charge distribution and broad charge amount distribution

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewhite pigment contentVSAvoidcharge uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the work function parameter of the white pigment to a specific range (5.80-6.10 eV) to achieve proper charge characteristics. This parameter optimization ensures the pigment remains positively charged enough for toner formation while avoiding excessive positive charge that causes uneven distribution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite toner material combining binder resin with specifically controlled white pigment (work function 5.80-6.10 eV) and inorganic fine particle (work function ≥6.15 eV). This composite structure achieves charge neutralization between the two inorganic components while maintaining the white color and proper charge uniformity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Illumination intensity

If two types of titanium oxide particles are used to improve whiteness and lightfastness, then the whiteness and lightfastness are improved, but the charging stability in usage environment is insufficient causing image density variation and fogging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewhiteness and lightfastnessVSAvoidcharging stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the work function parameter of the white pigment to a narrow range (5.80-6.10 eV) which provides both sufficient whiteness and proper charge stability. This specific parameter selection avoids the charging instability observed with conventional titanium oxide formulations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The inorganic fine particle with work function ≥6.15 eV acts as a charge control intermediary that neutralizes excessive positive charge from the white pigment. This intermediary component stabilizes the overall charge distribution and prevents fogging while maintaining image density consistency across different usage environments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Illumination intensity

If white pigment with high positive charge is used to ensure white color, then the white color is achieved, but fogging phenomenon occurs in non-image portions and image density stability is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewhite colorVSAvoidfogging and image density instability
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potentially harmful excessive positive charge of white pigment into a beneficial controlled charge distribution. By selecting work function 5.80-6.10 eV, the pigment provides sufficient positive charge for toner formation while the inorganic fine particle (work function ≥6.15 eV) balances this charge, transforming what would be harmful fogging into controlled charge neutralization that prevents both fogging and density instability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The toner provides high charge uniformity and stable print-out of high-quality images across varying environments, reducing image defects and ensuring consistent image density.

Implementation Method 1

the white pigment has a work function of 5.80 eV or more and 6.10 eV or less, the inorganic fine particle has a work function of 6.15 eV or more

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWork function: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3893059B1White toner
Publication Date: 2026.02.18 CANON KK
  • EP3893059B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3893059B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(c)
  • EP3893059B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention provides a white toner which has high charge uniformity and enables stable print-out of high-quality images irrespective of its usage environment. The above object can be solved by a white toner including a white toner particle containing a binder resin, a white pigment and an inorganic fine particle, in which the white pigment has a work function of 5.80 eV or more and 6.10 eV or less, the content of the white pigment is 15.0 parts by mass or more and 60.0 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin, and the inorganic fine particle has a work function of 6.15 eV or more.