Wide Input Voltage Power Supply Circuit for Relay Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Relays face challenges with a wide range of input voltages requiring multiple catalog numbers and inefficiencies due to leakage current, which affects reliability and increases size and cost.
Innovation Solution
A power supply circuit with a linear regulator and under-voltage lockout circuit that sets a minimum turn-on voltage, using transistors and resistors to manage input voltage thresholds, reducing current consumption and improving efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a relay is designed for only one specific supply voltage, then the relay can operate reliably at that voltage, but a large variety of relays with different catalog numbers must be manufactured and warehoused
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing a single relay model that can operate across multiple supply voltages (16V to 120V DC or 19V to 264V AC) through an integrated power supply circuit. This eliminates the need for multiple catalog numbers while maintaining reliable operation at each voltage level, as the power supply circuit automatically adapts to the input voltage range.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses parameter changes by implementing a power supply circuit that dynamically adjusts its operation based on the input voltage level. The circuit includes a linear regulator that maintains a predetermined output voltage and an under-voltage lockout circuit that sets a minimum turn-on voltage, allowing the same relay to function reliably across varying voltage parameters.
2Device complexity
If attempts are made to accommodate devices to operate on more than one supply voltage, then fewer catalog numbers are needed, but size, cost, and heat generation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the power supply circuit into two distinct stages: a first stage with a linear regulator circuit that handles voltage regulation, and a second stage with an under-voltage lockout circuit that handles minimum voltage threshold control. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized for its specific function, reducing overall heat generation while supporting multiple voltages.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses dynamics by implementing a shutdown mechanism in the linear regulator that turns off the circuit when input voltage exceeds a predetermined shutdown threshold. This dynamic response prevents excessive heat generation at high voltages while maintaining operation within the optimal voltage range, reducing energy loss compared to static designs.
3Reliability
If under-voltage lockout circuits are used to prevent unwanted energization of the relay coil, then reliability is improved, but the circuits can be inefficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by implementing an under-voltage lockout circuit that proactively prevents unwanted relay coil energization before it occurs. The circuit sets a minimum turn-on voltage threshold and blocks coil energization when the input voltage is insufficient, eliminating the need for corrective actions and reducing energy waste from improper operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses feedback by implementing a linear regulator circuit that maintains a predetermined output voltage level and an under-voltage lockout circuit that monitors input voltage and controls transistor conduction accordingly. This feedback mechanism ensures reliable coil energization control while optimizing circuit efficiency by adjusting operation based on real-time voltage conditions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables operation over a wide input voltage range while minimizing catalog numbers and enhancing reliability by efficiently controlling coil energization, reducing heat generation and current consumption.
Implementation Method 1
a first stage comprising a linear regulator circuit configured to maintain an output voltage at a predetermined output voltage level
Implementation Method 2
a first transistor configured to become conductive to supply the input voltage to the load when an input voltage to the under voltage lockout circuit exceeds a threshold
Data Source
AI summary
An under voltage lockout circuit configured to set a minimum turn-on voltage for a load is provided. The circuit includes an input terminal configured to receive an input voltage. The circuit includes a first transistor configured to become conductive to supply the input voltage to the load when an input voltage to the under voltage lockout circuit exceeds a threshold, and a second transistor coupled to the first transistor, the second transistor configured to become conductive to supply the input voltage to a first resistor and not to the load when an input voltage to the under voltage lockout circuit falls below the threshold.