Wide-Spaced Bipolar Probe for Pain-Free Muscle Twitch Elicitation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Commercially available bipolar stimulator probes with close electrode spacing cause significant pain and induce small, low-force muscle twitches, making them unsuitable for Surface Applied Electrical Twitch Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation (SA-ETOIMS) procedures, while monopolar stimulation requires separate reference electrodes that are cumbersome and prone to adhesion issues, leading to inefficient treatment.

Innovation Solution

A bipolar stimulator probe with a fixed or adjustable wide spacing between the active and reference electrodes, allowing for efficient and pain-reduced muscle twitch elicitation by simulating monopolar stimulation conditions, eliminating the need for separate reference electrodes and reducing treatment time.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If standard bipolar stimulating probes with close electrode spacing (2 cm or less) are used, then the device structure is simple and easy to operate, but significant stimulation pain is induced and small low-force twitches are elicited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of operationVSAvoidstimulation pain
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the inter-electrode distance from the standard 2 cm or less to a wider spacing of 3-4 cm or more. This parameter change resolves the contradiction by reducing stimulation pain while maintaining ease of operation, as the wider spacing distributes the electrical field more effectively without requiring complex device redesign

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Device complexity

If standard bipolar stimulating probes with close electrode spacing (2 cm or less) are used, then the device structure is simple, but small low-force twitches are elicited that do not provide significant pain relieving effects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidtwitch force
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by changing the inter-electrode distance parameter to 3-4 cm or more, which enables the elicitation of large force twitches necessary for pain relief while maintaining relatively simple device structure. The parameter change optimizes the electrical field distribution to stimulate motor end-plate zones more effectively

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If separate individual electrodes are used for stimulation and recording, then flexibility is improved, but both active and reference electrodes have to be moved in bi-manual fashion which slows down the procedure

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflexibilityVSAvoidtreatment speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies the merging principle by integrating the active stimulation electrode and reference electrode onto a single bipolar probe with wide spacing. This combination allows the clinician to move both electrodes simultaneously as one unit, resolving the contradiction by maintaining flexibility while eliminating the need for bi-manual movement, thus significantly improving treatment speed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Object-affected harmful factors

If monopolar stimulation with separate reference electrode is used, then stimulation pain is reduced, but the reference electrode requires frequent relocation to avoid repetitive stimulation which wastes time

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestimulation painVSAvoidtime wasted
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves this contradiction by merging the active and reference electrodes into a single bipolar probe unit. This eliminates the need for separate reference electrode relocation while maintaining the pain-reducing benefits of wide electrode spacing, as both electrodes move together in a single manual operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies dynamics by making the bipolar probe adjustable in inter-electrode distance, allowing the clinician to optimize the spacing dynamically based on the specific muscle and treatment requirements. This dynamic adjustment capability maintains low pain levels while adapting to different anatomical locations without requiring electrode relocation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The wide-spaced bipolar probe enables faster, more efficient, and less painful SA-ETOIMS treatments by allowing large force twitches to be elicited quickly, reducing the risk of trans-thoracic current and wire entanglement, and improving clinician convenience by integrating the reference electrode for localized stimulation.

Implementation Method 1

bipolar stimulator probe with a fixed or adjustable wide spacing between the active and reference electrodes, allowing for efficient and pain-reduced muscle twitch elicitation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical stimulation: Electric Field

Implementation Method 2

Commercially available bipolar stimulating probes have an inter-probe distance of 2 cm or less between the active and reference electrodes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2046440B1Bipolar stimulation/recording device with widely spaced electrodes
Publication Date: 2013.09.04 JUS JAS
  • EP2046440B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP2046440B1 patent drawingFigure 5
  • EP2046440B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

A bipolar stimulator probe suitable for application of intramuscular stimulation provides an active stimulator electrode and a reference electrode as part of a single tool. The separation between the electrodes is significantly greater than the electrode separation of known bipolar stimulator probes and bipolar bar electrode configurations. The probe tool may be configured to permit adjustment of the fixed relative position of the electrodes within a given range. By providing a relatively wide spacing between the two electrodes, the tool can be used to approximate the effect of monopolar stimulation with a separate reference electrode, with the electrical stimulus producing less pain to the patient compared to bipolar stimulation where the two electrodes are spaced apart by only 2-4 cm or less.