Wind Turbine Control Upsampling for Alias-Free Actuation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional upsampling techniques for wind turbine control systems often result in aliasing and phase delay, which are undesirable in dynamically changing systems, as they fail to accurately convert low-rate control signals from control units to the higher rates required by actuator systems.

Innovation Solution

A wind turbine control system that incorporates an upsampling module capable of generating a higher frequency control signal based on both the current control sample value and a predicted control trajectory, using interpolation functions to calculate additional control sample values, thereby avoiding the limitations of conventional methods.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If conventional upsampling techniques (zero-order hold or zero-stuffing) are used to convert low-rate control signals to high-rate signals, then the signal rate is increased, but aliasing occurs and phase delay is introduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal rateVSAvoidsignal accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The control trajectory is predicted in advance using a model-based approach (MPC or LQR) before upsampling. This preliminary prediction of future control values allows the upsampler to generate accurate intermediate samples without introducing aliasing or phase delay, as the trajectory information is already computed ahead of time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

A trajectory predictor acts as an intermediary between the low-rate controller and high-rate actuator system. This intermediary component uses model predictions to generate the missing intermediate samples, bridging the frequency gap without requiring aggressive filtering that would cause phase delay

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If low-pass post-filtering is applied to smooth discontinuities in upsampled signals, then aliasing is reduced, but phase delay in the control signal increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal smoothnessVSAvoidphase delay
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The control trajectory is predicted in advance using a model-based approach (MPC or LQR) before upsampling. This preliminary prediction of future control values allows the upsampler to generate accurate intermediate samples without introducing aliasing or phase delay, as the trajectory information is already computed ahead of time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

A trajectory predictor acts as an intermediary between the low-rate controller and high-rate actuator system. This intermediary component uses model predictions to generate the missing intermediate samples, bridging the frequency gap without requiring aggressive filtering that would cause phase delay

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If the control signal rate is increased to match actuator system requirements, then control accuracy is improved, but the control module computational load increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol accuracyVSAvoidcomputational energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The control system is segmented into two functional parts: a low-rate control module that computes control decisions at reduced computational load, and a trajectory predictor that generates intermediate samples at high rate using lightweight interpolation based on the control trajectory, thus distributing computational effort efficiently

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A trajectory predictor acts as an intermediary between the low-rate controller and high-rate actuator system. This intermediary component uses model predictions to generate the missing intermediate samples, bridging the frequency gap without requiring aggressive filtering that would cause phase delay

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP3465360B1Wind turbine control system comprising improved upsampling technique
Publication Date: 2023.02.01 VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS AS
  • EP3465360B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3465360B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3465360B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wind turbine control unit comprising a control module configured to control an actuator system by outputting a first control signal, wherein the first control signal includes a current control sample value and a predicted control trajectory; the control unit further comprising an upsampling module configured to receive the first control signal from the control module, and to output a second control signal for controlling the actuator system, the second control signal having a higher frequency that the first control signal. The upsampling module calculates the second control signal in dependence on the current control sample value and the predicted control trajectory. The embodiments provide a more accurately reproduced control signal at a higher frequency that is suitable for onward processing which does not suffer from the problems of aliasing and delay that exist with conventional upsampling techniques. The dynamic response of the actuator system is improved such that it exhibits lower overshoot and is more optimally damped. Embodiments of the invention also relate to a wind turbine control system including such a control unit, a method for operating a control unit, and a computer program product adapted for implementing the method.