Wind Farm Controller for Grid Transient Response

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Solution Overview

Problem

Wind turbines in wind farms are not well-suited to respond to transient conditions in the electrical grid, such as sudden generation failures or load changes, due to varying environmental and mechanical conditions across individual turbines, leading to inefficient power production and grid instability.

Innovation Solution

A system and method where a farm-level controller determines power production commands for each wind turbine based on its capability metrics, including steady-state power availability, transient power characteristics, and responsiveness, to tailor their contributions to meet grid demands, while considering environmental and operational conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If wind turbines are optimized for steady-state power delivery, then power production efficiency is improved, but ability to respond to transient grid conditions deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower production efficiencyVSAvoidresponse capability to transient conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The control system dynamically adjusts the operating state of wind turbines based on real-time grid conditions. The farm-level controller modifies power production commands from steady-state optimization to transient response modes when grid transients are detected, enabling the system to adapt between different operational requirements without physical modifications to the turbines.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Device complexity

If uniform power production commands are applied to all wind turbines, then system complexity is reduced, but individual turbine capability utilization deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol system complexityVSAvoidpower production capability utilization
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements differentiated power production commands for individual wind turbines based on their specific capability metrics. Each turbine receives customized control instructions that account for its steady-state power availability, transient response capability, and current operating conditions, maximizing the utilization of each turbine's unique capabilities while maintaining manageable system complexity through automated assessment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Device complexity

If wind turbines operate independently without coordination, then system complexity is reduced, but overall wind farm response capability to grid transients deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol coordination complexityVSAvoidgrid stability contribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges the control functions of multiple wind turbines at the farm level, creating a coordinated control architecture. The farm-level controller aggregates capability metrics from individual turbines and issues coordinated power production commands that optimize the overall wind farm's response to grid transients, combining the capabilities of individual turbines into a unified responsive system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP3822480B1System and method for controlling a wind farm
Publication Date: 2023.08.02 GENERAL ELECTRIC RENOVABLES ESPANA SL
  • EP3822480B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3822480B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3822480B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system and method are provided for controlling a wind farm. Accordingly, a demand signal is received from the electrical grid. The farm-level controller also receives a plurality of capability metrics from each wind turbines, which include, at least, a steady-state power availability, a transient power availability and a responsive capability of each wind turbine. The farm-level controller determines a power production capability profile for each wind turbine and determines the availability of each wind turbine to meet at least a portion of the demand signal based on the power production capability profiles. The farm-level controller also determines which portion of the demand signal to be satisfied by each wind turbine based on the availability and the power production capability for each wind turbine.