Wind Farm Reactive Power Switching to Prevent Turbine Overload

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Solution Overview

Problem

Large wind farms with varying operational wind turbine availability face challenges in maintaining reactive power output and voltage regulation, leading to potential grid instability and equipment damage due to overutilization of operational turbines, especially during network disturbances.

Innovation Solution

A method that dynamically switches between a default and alternative reactive power control regimes based on available wind turbine capacity, employing damping measures and power factor control to manage reactive power delivery gently and efficiently, thereby maintaining control reserves and preventing overloading.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the wind farm fully utilizes operational wind turbines for reactive power provision, then the reactive power output meets voltage regulation requirements, but the turbines become overloaded and local active power losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereactive power outputVSAvoidlocal active power losses
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the control parameter from full reactive power utilization to a reduced reactive power setpoint when turbine availability is low. The parkmaster adjusts the reactive power demand parameter based on the number of operational turbines, preventing overloading and excessive losses by operating in a reduced capacity mode rather than pushing turbines to their limits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by deliberately not utilizing the full reactive power capacity of operational turbines when the overall wind farm capacity is reduced. Instead of demanding maximum reactive power from each operational turbine, the system accepts a partial reactive power output that matches the reduced availability, avoiding the harmful effects of overutilization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

2Power

If the wind farm fully utilizes operational wind turbines for reactive power provision, then voltage regulation requirements are met, but voltage stability is compromised due to lack of control reserve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereactive power outputVSAvoidvoltage stability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements beforehand cushioning by maintaining a control reserve even when operational capacity is reduced. The parkmaster calculates a reduced reactive power setpoint that deliberately leaves headroom below the maximum capacity, creating a buffer that can absorb further disturbances or turbine failures, thereby maintaining voltage stability and reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback by continuously monitoring the number of operational wind turbines and adjusting the reactive power setpoint accordingly. The parkmaster receives status information about turbine availability and dynamically adapts the reactive power demand to maintain an appropriate control reserve, ensuring voltage stability under varying operational conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If the wind farm operates with fewer operational wind turbines, then the reactive power control capacity is reduced, but switching to a smoother substitute regime prevents overloading and maintains control reserves

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegrid stabilityVSAvoidreactive power delivery
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by implementing a dynamic control strategy that switches between different operational regimes based on turbine availability. When capacity is reduced, the system transitions to a substitute regime with smoother, more gradual reactive power changes. This dynamic adaptation allows the wind farm to maintain reliable operation at reduced power levels rather than attempting to maintain full capacity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The parkmaster changes the control parameter from aggressive reactive power tracking to a smoother, reduced setpoint when turbine availability drops. The substitute regime uses modified control parameters that prioritize stability over maximum power delivery, gradually adjusting reactive power output rather than making abrupt changes that could cause overloading

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3280021B1Method for controlling the reactive power output of a wind farm and corresponding wind farm
Publication Date: 2024.01.24 SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENERGY SERVICE GMBH
  • EP3280021B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3280021B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4c

AI summary

Method and wind farm for controlling a reactive power output of the wind farm. The reactive power output of the wind park is regulated by the park master (5) using a default regime (56). According to the invention, when the wind farm is operated under normal network conditions: determining an actual reactive power setting capability, checking whether this is above an adjustable threshold value, if this is the case, then releasing reactive power according to the default regime (56) if this is not the case , then switching over to a replacement regime (57), the replacement regime (57) differing from the default regime (56) with regard to the reactive power output. This means that it is possible to switch to an alternative (more gentle) regime at park level depending on the available reactive power control capacity. Overloading of the remaining (active) wind turbines (1) can thus be effectively avoided. This makes the wind farm more robust. A control reserve can even be maintained, so that additional reactive power can be output in the event of further voltage deviations. This improves network stability.