Wind Turbine DC Connection System with Centralized Frequency Conversion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional wind turbine generators equipped with frequency converters experience increased losses and reduced reliability due to complex electrical circuits when connected to high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.

Innovation Solution

A connection system that includes a main transformer to step up AC voltage levels between the generator and rectifier, utilizing a synchronous generator that is not magnetized through stator windings, and an inverter with a DC link capacitor, allowing for adjustable voltage levels and reduced reactive power needs, along with a dump load or storage device for power absorption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If each wind turbine generator is equipped with a frequency converter to convert variable frequency AC power to constant frequency AC power, then the generator can operate independently with variable speed, but the electrical circuit complexity increases, causing increased losses and reduced reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevariable speed operationVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the frequency conversion function from individual turbine generators and relocates it to a centralized land-based converter station. Each generator connects directly to a DC collector grid through simplified power electronics, eliminating the need for complex back-to-back frequency converters at each turbine. This centralizes the complex conversion function while simplifying individual generator configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges multiple individual frequency conversion functions into a single centralized conversion system at the land station. Multiple generators feed into a common DC collector grid, and their power is combined and converted to grid frequency at the centralized converter, reducing overall system complexity and improving reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Productivity

If a conventional AC generator connected to frequency converter is used, then the generator can operate at variable speed, but the complex electrical circuits cause increased losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevariable speed operationVSAvoidpower losses
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional AC/DC/AC frequency conversion systems with a direct DC connection system. Generators connect directly to the DC collector grid through simplified power electronics, eliminating the need for complex back-to-back frequency converters. This substitution reduces conversion stages and associated energy losses while maintaining variable speed operation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Loss of energy

If voltage level is stepped up from low voltage frequency converter level to collector level using transformer, then the transmission efficiency improves, but the system requires complex frequency converters at each turbine

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission efficiencyVSAvoidfrequency converter complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the voltage transformation function from individual turbine transformers and implements it at the centralized land-based substation. The DC collector grid operates at standardized voltage levels, and final voltage transformation to transmission levels occurs at the land station, eliminating the need for complex transformer-frequency converter combinations at each turbine.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of transforming AC voltage at each turbine and then converting frequency, the patent inverts the approach by directly converting to DC at standardized voltage levels at the collector grid, then transforming to transmission voltage levels at the land station. This reverses the conventional sequence and simplifies individual turbine equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration reduces power losses and enhances reliability by allowing for efficient DC power transmission at higher voltage levels, minimizing the need for complex frequency converters and maintaining stable voltage levels across varying operational conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a main transformer arranged to step up an AC voltage level between said voltage source unit and said rectifier

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the rectifier, arranged to rectify the AC electrical power to a DC electrical power to be provided to the DC electrical power system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification: Diode

Implementation Method 3

an inverter with a DC link capacitor, allowing for adjustable voltage levels

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInversion:

Data Source

PatentEP2893606B1Connection system for power generation system with DC output
Publication Date: 2021.11.03 VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS AS
  • EP2893606B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2893606B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2893606B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present invention relates to a connection system for connecting a power generator to a DC electrical power system, with a controllable voltage source unit functionally connected in series with the power generator to receive AC electrical power from the power generator, and to generate an AC electrical power output accordingly, and a rectifier arranged to receive AC electrical power output from said voltage source unit and to rectify the AC electrical power output to a DC electrical power to be provided to the DC electrical power system. The invention also relates to method for connecting a power generator to a DC electrical power system.