Rail Vehicle Window Transparency Detection Using Optical Flow

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods fail to efficiently detect impairments in the transparency of window panes of rail vehicles, such as damage or dirt, which affect visibility and require timely cleaning or repair.

Innovation Solution

A method using a video camera inside the rail vehicle to record images, calculate optical flow, and detect impairments by analyzing differences in optical flux, combined with anomaly detection and calibration processes to identify transparency issues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a video camera is used to record video images of the window pane during rail vehicle movement, then transparency impairment detection capability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransparency impairment detection capabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The video camera system is designed to serve multiple functions: it records video images for transparency impairment detection while also capturing general interior conditions of the rail vehicle. This multi-functionality approach allows the same device to perform both specialized transparency monitoring and general surveillance, thereby improving detection capability without proportionally increasing overall device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex mechanical inspection systems with an optical-based video camera system. Instead of using mechanical probes or physical contact methods to detect window transparency, the system uses optical flux analysis from video images, substituting mechanical detection with optical field-based measurement, which simplifies the device architecture while improving detection precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If optical flow calculation is performed on video images to detect transparency impairment, then detection accuracy is improved, but computational requirements and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary actions by continuously capturing video images during rail vehicle movement, preparing the image sequence in advance before actual transparency analysis is needed. The video camera records at standard frame rates, pre-processing the visual data so that when transparency detection is required, the computational workload is reduced to analyzing already-captured frames rather than capturing and processing in real-time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The optical flow calculation is applied selectively rather than to all video data. The system calculates optical flux specifically for regions of interest in the video images, performing partial action only where transparency impairment is suspected or where window pane areas are located, thereby reducing overall computational requirements and processing time while maintaining detection accuracy

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Efficiently identifies impairments in window pane transparency, allowing for timely maintenance and improved visibility by distinguishing between transparent and impaired areas.

Implementation Method 1

Recording video images of the window pane using a video camera located in an interior space during a movement of the rail vehicle in order to generate an image sequence from the recorded video images

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical flux: Light

Implementation Method 2

Calculating an optical flux for the video images of the image sequence, Detecting an impairment of the transparency of the window pane based on the calculated optical flux

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical flow: Image Processing

Data Source

PatentEP4675577A1Method for detecting an impairment of a transparency of a window pane of a rail vehicle
Publication Date: 2026.01.07 SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH
  • EP4675577A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4675577A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4675577A1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for detecting an impairment of the transparency of a window pane of a rail vehicle, comprising the following steps: a) recording video images of the window pane using a video camera, in particular a CCTV video camera, arranged in an interior space, during movement of the rail vehicle in order to generate an image sequence from the recorded video images, b) calculating an optical flow for the video images of the image sequence, c) detecting an impairment of the transparency of the window pane based on the calculated optical flow. The invention relates to a system for detecting an impairment of the transparency of a window pane of a rail vehicle, a rail vehicle, a computer program, and a machine-readable storage medium.