Wire EDM Pulse Instability Control to Prevent Electrode Breakage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wire electrical discharge machines lack clear definitions of normal and abnormal discharge states, leading to increased wire electrode breakage during machining.

Innovation Solution

A wire electrical discharge machine that calculates the degree of instability based on the number of non-discharge pulses and adjusts machining conditions, such as off time, to reduce wire electrode breakage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If weight coefficients are pre-defined for normal and abnormal discharge pulses to calculate energy evaluation data, then wire breakage can be reduced by adjusting off time, but the definitions of normal and abnormal discharge states remain unclear leading to insufficient improvement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewire electrode reliabilityVSAvoiddischarge state classification complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the parameter used for discharge state classification from complex multi-criteria evaluation to a single clear parameter: discharge delay time. By setting a specific threshold for discharge delay time, the system clearly distinguishes between normal discharge (delay time within threshold) and abnormal discharge (delay time exceeds threshold), eliminating the ambiguity in state classification while enabling effective wire breakage prevention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention implements feedback control by continuously monitoring discharge delay time and dynamically adjusting the off time between voltage pulses. When abnormal discharge is detected (delay time exceeds threshold), the system increases off time to prevent wire breakage, and when normal discharge occurs, it reduces off time to maintain machining efficiency. This closed-loop feedback mechanism clearly defines discharge states and responds appropriately to each state

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Difficulty of detecting and measuring

If ignition delay time is used to detect arcing pulses, then arcing can be detected, but the method does not provide clear definitions for distinguishing normal from abnormal discharge states

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvearcing pulse detection capabilityVSAvoiddischarge state classification reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Difficulty of detecting and measuringVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses discharge delay time as the primary parameter for both detecting arcing and classifying discharge states. By establishing a clear threshold value for discharge delay time, the system reliably distinguishes between normal discharge (delay time ≤ threshold) and abnormal discharge (delay time > threshold), providing both detection capability and classification reliability through a single unified parameter

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If the off time is increased to reduce wire breakage, then wire electrode reliability improves, but machining productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewire electrode reliabilityVSAvoidmachining productivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention dynamically adjusts the off time between voltage pulses based on the detected discharge state. During normal discharge, the off time is kept short to maintain high machining productivity. When abnormal discharge is detected (indicating risk of wire breakage), the off time is automatically increased to protect the wire electrode. This dynamic adjustment ensures that productivity is maximized during normal operation while reliability is protected when needed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the off time parameter dynamically based on discharge delay time measurements. By establishing a clear threshold for discharge delay time, the system can automatically switch between short off times (for productivity) and long off times (for reliability), optimizing both machining efficiency and wire electrode protection without manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The machine effectively reduces wire electrode breakage by dynamically adjusting machining conditions in response to discharge instability, enhancing machining stability and reliability.

Implementation Method 1

applies a voltage between a workpiece to be machined and a wire electrode to generate electrical discharge at an electrode gap formed between the workpiece and the wire electrode

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical discharge: Electric Spark

Data Source

PatentEP4357060B1Wire electrical discharge machine and wire electrical discharge machining method
Publication Date: 2025.07.23 FANUC LTD
  • EP4357060B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4357060B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4357060B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wire electrical discharge machine (10) includes: a pulse detection unit (60) configured to detect voltage pulses repeatedly applied between a workpiece (W) and a wire electrode (12); an instability calculation unit (66) configured to calculate the degree of instability indicating how unstable the discharge state is, by using the number of non-discharge pulses that present no voltage drop due to electrical discharge, among the pulses detected per unit time by a pulse detection unit (60); and a machining condition changing unit (68) configured to change a machining condition for the workpiece (W), based on the calculated degree of instability.