Wireless Battery BMS Protocol for Reliable Cell Communication
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Solution Overview
Problem
Modern vehicles face challenges with wired battery management systems that increase vehicle weight and inefficiencies due to the need for wired connections between battery cells and controllers, making it difficult to replace individual battery cells and comply with safety standards.
Innovation Solution
A wireless battery management system (BMS) that uses primary and secondary network nodes to communicate wirelessly, employing frame formats with security and control elements, allowing for efficient communication of battery cell status and health information, and enabling the use of wireless RF communication using the 2.4 GHz ISM band with BLE technology.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If wired connections are used between battery cells and controllers, then communication reliability is improved, but vehicle weight increases and efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical wired connection system with a wireless communication system using RF transceivers. Secondary nodes communicate with primary nodes via wireless signals, eliminating the need for physical wires between battery cells and controllers, thereby reducing vehicle weight while maintaining communication functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces primary nodes as intermediary devices that relay communication between secondary nodes and the battery controller. This mediator architecture enables wireless communication to achieve reliability comparable to wired systems by providing structured data transmission paths and error handling mechanisms.
2Stability of the object's composition
If wired connections are used between battery cells and controllers, then communication stability is improved, but ease of battery cell replacement deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
By replacing physical wired connections with wireless RF communication, the patent eliminates the mechanical constraints that tie battery cells to specific positions. This allows battery cells to be freely relocated or replaced without disturbing communication infrastructure, significantly improving maintenance ease while maintaining communication stability through protocol-level safeguards.
3Ease of repair
If wireless communication is used to reduce vehicle weight, then ease of battery cell replacement is improved, but communication robustness against interference deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where primary nodes receive data from secondary nodes, verify integrity through checksums and error detection codes, and request retransmission when errors are detected. This feedback loop compensates for the vulnerability of wireless communication to interference, maintaining reliability despite the absence of shielded wired connections.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs error detection codes, checksums, and redundant transmission protocols that are built into the communication framework before interference occurs. These preemptive measures cushion against potential RF interference, ensuring data integrity even in the harsh electromagnetic environment of a vehicle without requiring heavy shielding.
Data Source
AI summary
A vehicular battery management system (BMS) comprises a battery controller, a set of battery cells, a primary network node coupled to the battery controller, and a secondary network node coupled to the set of battery cells. The primary and secondary network nodes are configured to wirelessly communicate with each other using frames that share a common frame format. The frame format includes one or more bits and a status of the one or more bits indicates whether the secondary network node is to communicate with the primary network node on behalf of another secondary network node.