Wireless Charging Foreign Object Detection via Q-Factor Calibration

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless charging technologies face challenges in accurately detecting foreign objects in the charging area, which can lead to reduced efficiency and potential damage due to overheating.

Innovation Solution

A method for detecting foreign objects using quality factor calibration based on peak frequency shifts, involving the measurement of quality factor values at current and reference frequencies, and comparing these values with predetermined thresholds to determine the presence of foreign objects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If electromagnetic resonance method is used for wireless power transmission, then safety for electronic devices and human bodies is improved, but energy transmission efficiency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety for electronic devices and human bodiesVSAvoidenergy transmission efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism by measuring the quality factor (Q-factor) of the resonant circuit and comparing it with a reference value to detect foreign objects. The system continuously monitors the resonant frequency and Q-factor changes, and adjusts or stops power transmission based on the detection results, creating a closed-loop control system that balances safety and efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Device complexity

If quality factor measurement is performed without frequency calibration, then detection process is simplified, but detection accuracy deteriorates due to frequency shifts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection process complexityVSAvoidforeign object detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing frequency calibration before quality factor measurement. The system first sweeps through a frequency range to identify the peak resonant frequency, then uses this calibrated frequency as the basis for accurate Q-factor measurement. This preliminary frequency identification step ensures that subsequent measurements are performed at the correct operating point

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces direct physical measurement of foreign objects with an indirect electrical measurement approach. Instead of mechanically detecting foreign objects, the system measures electrical parameters (current, voltage, frequency, Q-factor) of the resonant circuit, which change in response to foreign object presence. This substitution enables non-contact, automated detection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If foreign object detection is not performed accurately, then charging speed is maintained, but overheating and potential damage occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging speedVSAvoidoverheating and potential damage
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses feedback control by continuously monitoring the Q-factor and comparing it with predetermined thresholds. When the Q-factor drops below the threshold indicating foreign object presence, the system responds by stopping or adjusting power transmission, preventing overheating while enabling safe charging operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enhances the accuracy of foreign object detection, minimizing power waste and preventing overheating by adaptively adjusting to frequency shifts, thereby improving the reliability of wireless charging systems.

Implementation Method 1

a coil electromagnetically coupled to the external, a resonant circuit that includes at least the coil

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic coupling: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

a resonant circuit that includes at least the coil, and a detecting section that superimposes a measurement signal for measuring the Q-factor of the resonant circuit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

wireless power transmission or wireless energy transfer refers to technology for wirelessly transmitting electric energy from a transmitter to a receiver using the magnetic induction principle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic induction principle: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 4

The electromagnetic resonance method uses an electric field or a magnetic field instead of using electromagnetic waves or current

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic resonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 5

This technology is a RF wireless power transmission method using a rectenna. The rectenna is a combination of an antenna and a rectifier and means an element for directly converting RF power into DC power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRF to DC conversion: Rectenna

Data Source

PatentEP4239840B1Wireless power transmission method for detecting foreign material
Publication Date: 2025.07.09 LG INNOTEK CO LTD
  • EP4239840B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4239840B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4239840B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for detecting foreign material, and an apparatus and a system therefor, and a method for detecting foreign material in a wireless power transmitter, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: measuring a quality factor value, which corresponds to a reference operation frequency, when an object is sensed; searching for a current peak frequency having a maximum quality factor value within an operation frequency band; receiving, form a wireless power receiver, a foreign material detection state packet including information on a reference peak frequency; correcting the measured quality factor value by using a difference value between the current peak frequency and the reference peak frequency; and determining whether the foreign material exists by comparing the corrected quality factor value with a predetermined quality factor threshold value. Therefore, the present invention has an advantage of enabling foreign material to be more effectively and accurately detected.