Dynamic Wireless Charging Control for Stable EV Output Voltage
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Solution Overview
Problem
Dynamic wireless charging systems for electric vehicles experience power pulsation and voltage fluctuations due to the movement of the vehicle, affecting efficiency and battery lifetime.
Innovation Solution
A composite control strategy combining backstepping control and passivity-based control, utilizing a Lyapunov function to stabilize output voltage and power by controlling a DC-DC converter, which includes a dual-phase approach to reduce energy oscillations in inductors and capacitors.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If dynamic wireless charging is performed during vehicle movement, then continuous charging and reduced battery capacity requirements are achieved, but power pulsation and voltage fluctuations occur affecting efficiency and battery lifetime
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a dynamic control system that continuously adjusts the DC-DC converter operation during vehicle movement. The controller modifies switching duty cycles and control parameters in real-time based on instantaneous coupling conditions, enabling the system to adapt to changing relative positions between transmitter and receiver coils while maintaining stable power transfer
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs a feedback mechanism where the controller monitors output voltage and power levels during wireless charging operations. Based on this feedback, the controller dynamically adjusts converter switching parameters to compensate for power pulsations caused by vehicle movement, thereby stabilizing output and preventing efficiency degradation
2Device complexity
If conventional voltage control is used during vehicle movement, then simple control structure is maintained, but output voltage fluctuates significantly with load changes and mutual coupling variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the control parameters of the DC-DC converter dynamically during operation. The controller adjusts switching duty cycles, frequency, and other operational parameters based on real-time coupling conditions and load variations, allowing the system to maintain stable output voltage despite changes in mutual coupling and load during vehicle movement
3Reliability
If detection mechanisms are added to improve charging stability, then power delivery stability improves, but system complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses the existing wireless power transfer coupling itself as the sensing mechanism. By monitoring the natural variations in mutual coupling and power transfer characteristics during vehicle movement, the controller infers position and speed information without requiring separate detection sensors, thereby maintaining stability while avoiding additional system complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively maintains output voltage stability with less than 2% fluctuation and maintains efficiency above 80% during vehicle movement, ensuring smooth power delivery and battery longevity.
Implementation Method 1
a receiver coil configured to perform dynamic wireless charging with at least one transmitter coil
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods are provided for stabilizing power and voltage in dynamic wireless charging (e.g., of electric vehicles). Systems and methods can use a composite control that combines a backstepping control approach with passivity-based control to stabilize output voltage during movement of the load (e.g., travel of the electric vehicle) and/or changing load conditions. As an example, a Lyapunov function-based control method can be used to regulate output voltage and power by controlling a boost converter at the secondary side. Systems and methods can ensure that the output voltage remains independent of load conditions, while also effectively maintaining smooth power delivery even as the load and mutual coupling fluctuate simultaneously, demonstrating rapid response to varying load conditions and mutual coupling.