Wireless Neurochemical Probe for Deep Brain Stimulation Monitoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current deep brain stimulation (DBS) technologies lack the ability to precisely monitor and adjust neurochemical signals in real-time, limiting understanding of therapeutic mechanisms and efficacy.
Innovation Solution
Development of a Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System (WINCS) that uses fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and fixed-potential amperometry to wirelessly detect dopamine, serotonin, and other neurochemicals during DBS, enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of electrical stimulation based on neurochemical levels.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional DBS technology is used, then electrical stimulation can be delivered to brain tissue, but real-time monitoring of neurochemical signals is not possible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple sensors (dopamine sensor, serotonin sensor, adenosine sensor, pH sensor) and stimulation electrode into a single integrated probe assembly, enabling simultaneous neurochemical monitoring and electrical stimulation delivery through one device rather than separate systems
Solution Approach 2:
The probe serves multiple functions: it detects multiple different neurochemicals (dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, pH), delivers electrical stimulation, and provides real-time feedback, making a single device capable of comprehensive monitoring and therapy adjustment
2Loss of information
If real-time neurochemical monitoring is implemented, then therapeutic mechanism understanding is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The probe divides the monitoring function into separate specialized sensors for different neurochemicals (dopamine sensor, serotonin sensor, adenosine sensor, pH sensor), with each sensor optimized for detecting its specific target while working together as an integrated system
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses wireless communication technology as an intermediary to transmit neurochemical data and stimulation parameters between the implanted probe and external systems, eliminating the need for physical wire connections that would increase surgical complexity and infection risk
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple sensors are integrated in one probe, then comprehensive neurochemical detection is achieved, but probe size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent nests multiple sensors and electronics within a compact probe structure, with sensors arranged in a nested or closely integrated configuration that minimizes overall probe volume while maintaining all detection capabilities
4Loss of information
If wireless transmission is used, then real-time data communication is enabled, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The wireless transmission system operates periodically rather than continuously, transmitting data at intervals that provide real-time monitoring capability while allowing the battery to conserve energy during non-transmission periods, extending operational duration
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
WINCS provides high-fidelity, real-time monitoring of neurochemical changes during DBS, improving electrode placement, reducing stimulation intensity, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects.
Implementation Method 1
a first sensor having the ability to detect a first neurochemical and a second sensor having the ability to detect a second neurochemical
Implementation Method 2
an electrode capable of applying an electrical stimulus to brain tissue in a mammal
Data Source
AI summary
This document relates to methods and materials involved in detecting neurochemical signals, electrophysiological signals, ions, or combinations thereof with brain tissue. For example, methods and materials for using probes to detect neurochemical signals (e.g., neurotransmitter concentrations), electrical signals, or combinations thereof during deep brain stimulation are provided.