Wireless Neuromodulator Miniaturization via Extraction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current implantable neuromodulation devices are limited by their large size, high cost, and the need for invasive implantation and periodic battery replacement, which restricts their use in various applications due to miniaturization and power efficiency challenges, and existing wireless systems face issues with power delivery sensitivity and data transfer limitations.
Innovation Solution
A medical apparatus comprising an external system for transmitting power and data to an implantable system using a configuration that includes an external transmitter, antenna, and controller, and an implantable device with an antenna, receiver, and controller, which enables neuromodulation and data recording, featuring adjustable parameters for data transfer and energy management, and a closed-loop feedback system for real-time adaptation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If large implantable devices with batteries and long leads are used for neuromodulation, then reliable electrical stimulation can be achieved, but the device size increases and invasive implantation is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the battery and power management components from the implantable device, placing them in an external wireless power transfer system. This allows the implantable device to be miniaturized to a needle-injectible form factor while maintaining reliable electrical stimulation through wireless power delivery at MHz frequencies using inductive coupling between external and implantable coils
Solution Approach 2:
The implantable device is designed with multi-functionality, serving both as a power receiver for wireless energy transfer and as a neuromodulation stimulator. The device integrates multiple functions including wireless power reception, signal modulation, and electrical stimulation delivery within a single miniaturized platform, eliminating the need for separate battery and stimulator components
2Power
If large implantable devices with batteries are used, then sufficient power for neuromodulation can be provided, but periodic battery replacement surgery is required
Solution Approach 1:
The battery is extracted from the implantable device and relocated to an external wireless power transfer system. The implantable device receives power continuously or periodically through wireless energy transfer at MHz frequencies, eliminating the need for implanted batteries and their associated replacement surgeries while maintaining sufficient power delivery capability for effective neuromodulation
Solution Approach 2:
The system enables self-service power replenishment through wireless energy transfer. The implantable device can receive power on-demand through the external transmitter system, allowing the device to recharge its internal energy storage components without external intervention or surgical procedures, thus eliminating battery replacement requirements
3Ease of operation
If wireless power delivery systems operate at MHz frequencies with inductive links, then power can be transmitted wirelessly, but the system becomes highly sensitive to placement and alignment
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs dynamic tuning of the inductive link parameters, including adjustable coil geometry, variable ferrite core configurations, and adaptive frequency modulation. The system can dynamically adjust its operating characteristics to compensate for placement variations and alignment deviations, maintaining efficient power transfer across a range of positions rather than requiring precise fixed alignment
Solution Approach 2:
The system utilizes parameter changes in the inductive coupling configuration, including variable coil turns ratios, adjustable operating frequencies, and modifiable magnetic core properties. These parameter adjustments allow the wireless power delivery system to optimize performance for different implantation depths and orientations, reducing sensitivity to precise placement requirements
4Volume of moving object
If implantable devices are miniaturized to needle-injectible form factor, then less invasive implantation is achieved, but power efficiency and data communication bandwidth are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges power delivery and data communication functions into a single wireless interface at MHz frequencies. Data is modulated onto the power transmission carrier signal, allowing simultaneous power transfer and bidirectional communication through the same inductive link. This eliminates the need for separate communication channels and achieves adequate bandwidth for device control and telemetry within the miniaturized form factor
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus allows for minimally invasive implantation, reduces the need for battery replacement, and enhances power efficiency and data transfer capabilities, enabling effective neuromodulation treatments for a range of conditions without the limitations of existing systems.
Implementation Method 1
at least one external antenna configured to transmit a first transmission signal to the implantable system
Implementation Method 2
at least one implantable antenna configured to receive the first transmission signal from the first external device
Data Source
AI summary
A medical apparatus for a patient includes an external system configured to transmit one or more transmission signals, each transmission signal having at least power or data. An implantable system is configured to receive the one or more transmission signals from the external system, and the external system includes a first external device with at least one external antenna configured to transmit a first transmission signal to the implantable system. The first transmission signal includes at least power or data, and an external transmitter is configured to drive the at least one external antenna. An external power supply is configured to provide power to at least the external transmitter, and an external controller is configured to control the external transmitter. A first implantable device includes at least one implantable antenna configured to receive the first transmission signal from the first external device. An implantable receiver is configured to receive the first transmission signal from the at least one implantable antenna. At least one implantable functional element is configured to interface with the patient. An implantable controller is configured to control the at least one implantable functional element. The medical apparatus is configured to neuromodulate tissue and/or record patient information.