Wireless Node Opportunistic Routing via Distance-Based Waiting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional packet transfer methods, such as ExOR and ORPL, cannot realize opportunistic routing without modifying the standard MAC protocol, particularly with IEEE 802.15.4, leading to issues with suppressing unnecessary retransmissions.
Innovation Solution
A communication system with nodes that determine whether to transfer packets based on path information and rank values, transmitting confirmation responses after a waiting time corresponding to the distance between nodes, allowing opportunistic routing without altering the standard MAC protocol.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If opportunistic routing is implemented without modifying the standard MAC protocol, then adaptability to existing wireless networks is improved, but unnecessary retransmissions increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by having the transmission node pre-determine a waiting time based on the distance to the destination node before transmitting the packet. This pre-calculated waiting time is embedded in the transmission strategy, allowing receiving nodes to know when to expect confirmation responses without requiring protocol modifications. The transmission node selects a waiting time from a set of predetermined values corresponding to different distance ranges, enabling opportunistic routing decisions to be made in advance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism by using a confirmation response system where receiving nodes send confirmation messages back to the transmission node. This confirmation response acts as an intermediary signal that allows the transmission node to determine whether to transmit the packet without requiring changes to the underlying MAC protocol. The confirmation response mechanism mediates between the opportunistic routing decision and the standard packet transmission process.
2Reliability
If waiting time is extended to allow more nodes to respond, then packet transfer reliability is improved, but transmission delay increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the waiting time based on the distance between the transmission node and the destination node. The transmission node calculates the distance and selects an appropriate waiting time from predetermined ranges (e.g., first range for closer nodes, second range for farther nodes). This parameter adjustment allows the system to optimize between reliability and delay by matching the waiting time to the specific network conditions and distance metrics.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamics by making the waiting time flexible and adaptive rather than fixed. The transmission node can adjust the waiting time based on real-time distance calculations and network conditions. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to respond to changing network topologies and traffic patterns, optimizing packet transfer reliability while minimizing unnecessary delays in different scenarios.
3Productivity
If confirmation response transmission is delayed, then nodes closer to destination have priority, but overall transmission efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by giving different treatment to nodes based on their local characteristics, specifically their distance from the destination node. Nodes closer to the destination are assigned shorter waiting times and thus higher priority for transmission, while nodes farther away have longer waiting times. This local differentiation ensures that packets are forwarded through the most efficient path without requiring global coordination, maintaining high transmission efficiency while prioritizing nodes with better connectivity to the destination.
Data Source
AI summary
According to an embodiment, a node of a communication system includes a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors are configured to: determine, when receiving a packet including path information that indicates a parent-child relationship of transfer nodes included on a network topology from a source node to a destination node, whether at least one of its own node and a neighboring node is included in the path information as the transfer node; specify a distance between the own node and the destination node when at least one of the own node and the neighboring node is included in the path information; and transmit a confirmation response for the packet to the wireless multi-hop network after a waiting time corresponding to the distance, and transfer the packet when a confirmation response is not received from the neighboring node during the waiting time.