Wireless Power Beamforming with Time Reversal for Moving Receivers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wireless power transmission systems using microwave frequencies with short wavelengths face efficiency reductions due to changes in receiver location or obstacles in the direct line between the transmitter and receiver.
Innovation Solution
A wireless power transmission system that includes a first wireless power transmitter with a first array antenna unit and a first wireless power receiver with a first antenna unit, where the transmitter estimates the characteristic of the wireless channel based on a beacon signal and generates power signals using a time reversal algorithm to adjust phases and amplitudes, improving transmission efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If beamforming transmission is used to transmit power wirelessly, then power can be delivered to the receiver, but power transmission efficiency is reduced when the receiver location changes or obstacles are present
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary channel estimation by receiving a beacon signal from the receiver before actual power transmission. This preliminary action characterizes the wireless channel (including path loss, fading, and spatial properties) in advance, allowing the transmitter to pre-optimize beamforming weights and antenna configurations. When the receiver moves or obstacles appear, the system can quickly adapt by performing updated channel estimation, thus maintaining high power transmission efficiency without trial-and-error adjustments during power delivery.
Solution Approach 2:
The receiver sends a beacon signal back to the transmitter, creating a feedback loop that provides real-time information about the wireless channel conditions and receiver location. The transmitter uses this feedback to continuously update channel characteristics and adjust beamforming parameters. This feedback mechanism enables the system to adapt to receiver movement and environmental changes, resolving the contradiction between maintaining high transmission efficiency and adapting to location changes.
2Loss of energy
If beamforming is used to specify receiver location, then power transmission can be directed, but transmission efficiency decreases when obstacles block the direct line
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts beamforming weights and antenna configurations based on real-time channel estimation from beacon signals. When obstacles block direct line-of-sight paths, the system can dynamically switch between different spatial paths and propagation modes (line-of-sight, reflected, diffracted paths) by updating beamforming parameters. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to maintain efficient power transmission even when obstacles are present, as it can redirect energy through alternative paths identified through channel characterization.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes transmission parameters (beamforming weights, phase shifts, amplitude distributions across antenna elements) based on channel characteristics obtained from beacon signal analysis. When obstacles are detected through channel estimation, the system modifies these parameters to optimize power delivery around or through the obstacles by exploiting multipath propagation. This parameter adjustment enables the system to overcome obstacle interference while maintaining high transmission efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances power transmission efficiency by dynamically adjusting power signals based on channel characteristics and movement of transmitters and receivers, ensuring efficient operation in various environments.
Implementation Method 1
wireless power transmission technology, which delivers electrical energy wirelessly to a receiver, has been developed through various methods. These methods include transferring electrical energy using electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves or lasers, from a transformer or an electric motor through electromagnetic induction.
Implementation Method 2
beamforming transmission is mainly used. This method involves a transceiver receiving electronic signals in three dimensions from a receiver to specify the location of the receiver.
Data Source
AI summary
A wireless power transmission system including: a first wireless power transmitter to receive a beacon signal through a first array antenna unit, estimate a characteristic of a first wireless channel based on the beacon signal, and generate and output first power signals, wherein phases and amplitudes of the first power signals are adjusted based on a characteristic of the first wireless channel and a time reversal algorithm; and a first wireless power receiver to output the beacon signal through a first antenna unit, receive the first power signals through the first antenna unit, and generate an operating voltage based on the first power signals, wherein the first power signals are adjusted differently based on a quantity of wireless power transmitters, a quantity of wireless power receivers, a movement of the first wireless power transmitter, or a movement of the first wireless power receiver.