Wireless Uplink Spreading Codes for M2M Coverage and Capacity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing wireless communications methods for M2M systems require repetitive data transmission, leading to low efficiency, long delays, and severe interference between user equipments, which reduces system capacity and resource utilization.

Innovation Solution

Implement a wireless communications method that utilizes frequency domain, symbol-level, and transmission time interval-level spreading factors to spread and despread information, ensuring orthogonality between user equipments and reducing interference, while maintaining coverage gain.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If simple repetitive sending is performed in frequency domain or time domain to achieve coverage gain, then coverage gain is improved, but sending efficiency deteriorates and delay increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage gainVSAvoidsending efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a new dimension of code domain spreading by applying spreading codes in both frequency domain and time domain simultaneously. This transforms the single-dimensional repetitive sending into a multi-dimensional spreading approach, achieving coverage gain without linearly increasing repetition times.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the transmission parameters by introducing spreading factors (frequency domain spreading factor and time domain spreading factor) that control the degree of spreading. By adjusting these parameters, the system can achieve different coverage gains while maintaining reasonable sending efficiency and delay performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If simple repetitive sending is performed to achieve coverage gain, then coverage gain is improved, but interference between user equipments deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage gainVSAvoidinterference between user equipments
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the transmission resource by assigning different spreading codes to different user equipments. This code-domain segmentation allows multiple users to share the same time-frequency resources while maintaining orthogonality, thereby reducing mutual interference.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

By introducing code domain as an additional dimension for resource separation, the patent enables orthogonal multiplexing of multiple users. The spreading codes create distinct signal signatures in the code domain, allowing receivers to separate and decode individual user signals even when they overlap in time and frequency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Reliability

If simple repetitive sending is performed to achieve coverage gain, then coverage gain is improved, but system capacity and resource utilization deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoverage gainVSAvoidsystem capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the spreading codes universal by designing them to be orthogonal across different user equipments and transmission instances. This universality allows the same code structure to serve multiple users and multiple transmission purposes simultaneously, maximizing system capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

By introducing configurable spreading factors and orthogonality constraints as controllable parameters, the system can dynamically adjust the trade-off between coverage gain and system capacity. The parameters enable flexible resource allocation that maintains high capacity while achieving required coverage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP2978141B1Wireless communication method, user equipment, base station and system
Publication Date: 2026.03.25 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP2978141B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2978141B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2978141B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Embodiments of the present invention provide a wireless communications method, user equipment, a base station and a system, and relate to the field of wireless communications. The method includes: acquiring a frequency domain spreading factor, a symbol-level spreading factor and a transmission time interval-level spreading factor; and performing frequency domain spreading, symbol-level spreading and transmission time interval-level spreading on first to-be-sent information respectively according to the acquired spreading factors and sending first spread information; or, despreading, according to the acquired spreading factors, second spread information sent by a base station. By acquiring a frequency domain spreading factor, a symbol-level spreading factor and a transmission time interval-level spreading factor, and sending or receiving information according to the acquired spreading factors, the present invention solves problems in the prior art that when simple repetitive sending is performed in a frequency domain or time domain, sending efficiency is low, delay is relatively long, and interference between user equipments in a same frequency band bandwidth is relatively severe, and achieves an objective of improving system capacity and resource utilization.