WLAN Affiliated STA MAC Address Changes for Multi-Link Privacy

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards limit user privacy by not allowing the MAC address of a WLAN affiliated STA to be changed during the lifetime of an association or fast transition, thereby enabling tracking of devices.

Innovation Solution

A method to change the MAC address of a WLAN affiliated STA of a multi-link device (MLD) without affecting LAN connectivity or security associations by generating a new MAC address and coordinating the change through the AP MLD, allowing periodic updates even during associations and fast transitions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If the MAC address of a WLAN affiliated STA is changed during association, then user privacy is improved, but LAN connectivity and security associations are disrupted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser privacyVSAvoidLAN connectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the MAC address functionality by introducing two distinct MAC addresses: one for the non-AP MLD (used for privacy) and one for the affiliated STA (used for LAN connectivity). This segmentation allows the privacy-oriented MAC address to change independently without affecting the connectivity-oriented MAC address, resolving the contradiction between privacy and connectivity stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism where the non-AP MLD MAC address serves as the identifier for security associations and LAN connectivity, while the affiliated STA MAC address is used only for over-the-air frame transmission. This intermediary role allows the affiliated STA MAC address to be changed without disrupting security bindings or LAN connectivity, as these are maintained through the non-AP MLD MAC address.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If the MAC address of a WLAN affiliated STA is changed during association, then user privacy is improved, but security bindings are disrupted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser privacyVSAvoidsecurity associations
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the MAC address functionality by introducing two distinct MAC addresses: one for the non-AP MLD (used for privacy) and one for the affiliated STA (used for LAN connectivity). This segmentation allows the privacy-oriented MAC address to change independently without affecting the connectivity-oriented MAC address, resolving the contradiction between privacy and connectivity stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism where the non-AP MLD MAC address serves as the identifier for security associations and LAN connectivity, while the affiliated STA MAC address is used only for over-the-air frame transmission. This intermediary role allows the affiliated STA MAC address to be changed without disrupting security bindings or LAN connectivity, as these are maintained through the non-AP MLD MAC address.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If the MAC address is changed periodically, then user privacy is improved, but the association lifetime is reduced due to reassociation requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuser privacyVSAvoidassociation lifetime
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the MAC address functionality by introducing two distinct MAC addresses: one for the non-AP MLD (used for privacy) and one for the affiliated STA (used for LAN connectivity). This segmentation allows the privacy-oriented MAC address to change independently without affecting the connectivity-oriented MAC address, resolving the contradiction between privacy and connectivity stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary mechanism where the non-AP MLD MAC address serves as the identifier for security associations and LAN connectivity, while the affiliated STA MAC address is used only for over-the-air frame transmission. This intermediary role allows the affiliated STA MAC address to be changed without disrupting security bindings or LAN connectivity, as these are maintained through the non-AP MLD MAC address.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentEP4353017B1Method of changing a mac address of a WLAN affiliated sta of a multi-link device
Publication Date: 2025.08.27 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP4353017B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4353017B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4353017B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method of changing a MAC address of a WLAN affiliated STA of a multi-link device (MLD) and related system, device and non-transitory machine-readable storage medium. A new MAC address is generated for an affiliated non-AP STA of a non-AP MLD. A request to change the MAC address of the affiliated non-AP STA to the new MAC address is sent from the non-AP MLD to an AP MLD. An acknowledgement that the new MAC address for the affiliated non-AP STA of the non-AP MLD has been successfully applied by the AP MLD is received by the non-AP MLD from the AP MLD. The MAC address for the affiliated non-AP STA of the non-AP MLD is changed to the new MAC address in response to the acknowledgment.