X-ray Generator Parabolic Mirrors Focused Beam
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing X-ray generators struggle to produce a high-intensity focused X-ray beam with a small beam size and divergence angle, which is essential for achieving high resolution in X-ray diffraction measurements.
Innovation Solution
The X-ray generator employs a line X-ray source, a multilayer film mirror, and a side-by-side reflecting mirror with concave mirrors having parabolic cross-sections. The multilayer film mirror focuses the X-ray beam, and the side-by-side reflecting mirror further refines the focus, resulting in a small, high-intensity X-ray beam.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a line X-ray source is used, then the balance between resolution and sample size is improved, but the beam intensity is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The optical system is segmented into two separate mirrors: a multilayer film mirror for monochromatization and a side-by-side reflecting mirror for focusing. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function, enabling the system to maintain high resolution while achieving high beam intensity through efficient optical path management
Solution Approach 2:
The side-by-side reflecting mirror uses a unique configuration where two concave mirrors are arranged side-by-side with their focal points coinciding. This spatial arrangement in multiple dimensions enables the system to focus the X-ray beam to a small spot size while maintaining high intensity, effectively transitioning the beam characteristics in the focal plane
2Area of moving object
If the X-ray beam is narrowed by a second opening to form a focused beam, then the beam size is reduced, but the beam intensity is not sufficiently increased
Solution Approach 1:
The mechanical aperture system (second opening) is replaced with an optical focusing system using a side-by-side reflecting mirror. This substitution eliminates the need for physical beam narrowing that causes intensity loss, as the optical system naturally focuses the beam to a small spot while maintaining intensity through reflective optics
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the optical parameters by using a multilayer film mirror with specific layer structures and a side-by-side reflecting mirror with optimized curvature radii. These parameter changes enable the system to achieve both small beam size and high intensity by optimizing the reflective surfaces for maximum efficiency
3Area of moving object
If a polycapillary is used to obtain a point-like X-ray beam, then the beam focus is improved, but the divergence angle increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system replaces the polycapillary (a complex, expensive component with inherent divergence issues) with a simpler reflective mirror system. The mirrors provide precise focusing control without the divergence problems inherent in polycapillary structures, achieving better focus quality with a more straightforward optical design
Solution Approach 2:
The side-by-side reflecting mirror uses concave surfaces with specific curvature radii to achieve precise focusing. The curved reflective surfaces naturally converge the X-ray beams to a focal point without introducing the divergence effects that occur with polycapillary geometries
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration allows for the realization of a focused X-ray beam with a small beam size and low divergence angle, enhancing the resolution and intensity of X-ray diffraction measurements.
Implementation Method 1
a multilayer film mirror for reflecting the X-ray
Implementation Method 2
a cross section of a reflecting surface of the multilayer film mirror has a parabolic shape and a focus of the parabolic shape is located at the line X-ray source
Implementation Method 3
a side-by-side reflecting mirror including two concave mirrors joined together
Implementation Method 4
cross sections of reflecting surfaces of the two concave mirrors of the side-by-side reflecting mirror each have a parabolic shape
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2(a)~2(b)
Figure 3
AI summary
An X-ray generator includes: a line X-ray source (11a); a multilayer film mirror (12a); and a side-by-side reflecting mirror (13a) including two concave mirrors joined together so as to share a join line. A cross section of a reflecting surface of the multilayer film mirror has a parabolic shape, and a focus of the parabolic shape is located at the line X-ray source. Cross sections of reflecting surfaces of the two concave mirrors of the side-by-side reflecting mirror each have a parabolic shape, and each of focuses of the parabolic shapes is located on a side opposite to the multilayer film mirror. An extended line of the join line of the side-by-side reflecting mirror passes through the multilayer film mirror and the line X-ray source as viewed in a plan view.