X-Shaped Nucleic Acid Building Blocks for Precision Nano-Structure Assembly
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for nucleic acid building blocks that can assemble into nano-structures with increased precision to create multifunctional and synergistically multifunctional structures for applications such as pathogen detection and biologically active agent delivery, as existing anisotropic building blocks lack universality and precision.
Innovation Solution
The development of X-shaped and Y-shaped nucleic acid compositions that can specifically hybridize with target nucleic acids, incorporating crosslinkable moieties and functional moieties like fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles, allowing for target-driven polymerization and formation of multifunctional nano-architectures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If existing anisotropic building blocks are used, then some directional functionality is achieved, but universality and precision are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing a standardized anisotropic building block with multiple functional interfaces that can be used across different nano-structure configurations. The building block incorporates universal attachment sites that allow consistent assembly procedures for creating various multifunctional nano-structures, thereby achieving both versatility and precision through a unified design approach.
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple functional moieties are attached to building blocks, then multifunctionality is achieved, but structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the building block into distinct modular components, each carrying specific functions. Functional moieties are attached to separate segments or interfaces of the building block, allowing independent optimization of each function while maintaining overall structural integrity. This modular segmentation reduces the complexity burden by organizing multiple functions into discrete, manageable units.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies nesting by incorporating multiple functional elements within hierarchical levels of the building block structure. Smaller functional moieties are nested within or on the surfaces of larger structural components, allowing multiple functions to be integrated in a compact, organized manner that minimizes overall structural complexity while maximizing multifunctionality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables precise detection of pathogenic nucleic acids and efficient delivery of biologically active agents with minimal cytotoxicity, offering a versatile route to creating multifunctional nano-architectures for various applications.
Implementation Method 1
X-shaped and Y-shaped nucleic acid compositions that can specifically hybridize with target nucleic acids
Implementation Method 2
the dimer can undergo photo-crosslinking in the presence of the target nucleic acid
Implementation Method 3
incorporating crosslinkable moieties and functional moieties like fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles
Data Source
AI summary
Compositions and methods are provided for constructing multi-functional nucleic acid nano-structures. Nano-structures are provided incorporating a built-in modularity, including nucleic acid modules. Modules contain moieties including detectible labels, nanoparticles, reactive moieties and other functional groups. Nano-structures can be used for delivery of target compounds, as well as identification of target nucleic acid molecules.