Xanthene Fuel Markers for Digital Code Expansion
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for additional marker compounds to effectively mark liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils, as existing methods and compounds do not provide sufficient options for maximizing the available codes in digital marking systems.
Innovation Solution
The method involves adding specific compounds of formulas (I) and (II) to petroleum hydrocarbons or biologically derived fuels, where these compounds are present at concentrations between 0.01 ppm and 20 ppm, and are detected using chromatographic techniques and mass spectral analysis to form coded information about the origin and characteristics of the fuels.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If existing marker compounds are used for marking fuels, then the marking function is achieved, but the available codes for digital marking systems are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the marker compound structure into variable components (R1, R2, R3 substituents on the xanthene core) that can be independently modified. By dividing the molecular structure into a stable core and variable substituents, the patent creates multiple distinguishable marker variants from a single core structure, thereby increasing the available codes for digital marking systems without requiring proportionally more compound classes.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention applies local quality by introducing specific substituent groups (R1, R2, R3) at particular positions on the xanthene core structure. Each substituent position can be independently tailored with different chemical groups to create unique marker compounds with distinct detection characteristics, allowing for customized marking codes while maintaining the overall molecular framework.
2Measurement precision
If marker compounds are added to fuels, then identification capability is improved, but the fuel composition becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes molecular parameters (substituent types, positions, and combinations on the xanthene core) to create distinguishable marker compounds. By systematically varying chemical parameters rather than introducing entirely different molecular classes, the patent enhances identification capability while controlling the complexity increase through structured modification of a single core structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the creation of additional marker compounds that can be used to identify and differentiate various fuels, enhancing the digital marking system's capability to provide unique codes for each product, thereby improving the identification and tracking of petroleum hydrocarbons and biologically derived fuels.
Implementation Method 1
detected using chromatographic techniques and mass spectral analysis
Implementation Method 2
detected using chromatographic techniques and mass spectral analysis
Data Source
AI summary
A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 -substituted xanthene, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.