XOR Gate Tree Encoding for Secure Variable-Length Data Compression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing data expansion and compression functions in the aviation industry face challenges such as high power consumption, inflexibility with fixed input and output sizes, significant side channel leakage, and inability to adapt to varying security levels, which compromises IT security and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A system and method that partitions input data bits into groups, selects subkeys from key material, and applies XOR operations to generate outputs of arbitrary lengths, using a tree of XOR gates with symmetric layers to minimize side channel leakage and reduce power consumption, while allowing for nonlinear processing to enhance security.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If known expansion and compression functions are used to provide security, then security level is improved, but power consumption increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the input data into multiple groups and processes each group independently through parallel XOR operations with subkeys. This segmentation enables the system to achieve cryptographic security through multiple small operations rather than one large operation, reducing overall power consumption while maintaining security.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements dynamic key selection where subkeys are chosen based on the specific input data groups. This dynamic approach allows the system to adapt the security level and power consumption characteristics to the specific processing needs, rather than always using maximum security settings.
2Reliability
If known expansion and compression functions are used, then security is improved, but processing speed decreases
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the input data into groups and processing them in parallel through XOR operations, the patent achieves both security and high processing speed. The parallel processing of multiple groups simultaneously maintains cryptographic security while dramatically improving throughput compared to sequential processing.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical cryptographic operations with simpler electronic XOR gate operations. This substitution maintains the security properties through mathematical equivalence while enabling much faster processing speeds using standard digital logic circuits.
3Device complexity
If fixed input and output buffer sizes are used, then system simplicity is maintained, but adaptability to varying security levels is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic configurability where the number of XOR operations and key selection can be adjusted based on the required security level. This allows the same hardware structure to adapt to different security requirements without changing the fundamental system architecture, maintaining simplicity while providing versatility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs a universal processing structure that can handle various input sizes and security requirements using the same XOR-based mechanism. By making the system multi-functional through configurable parameters rather than requiring different hardware for different security levels, it maintains simplicity while achieving adaptability.
4Reliability
If side channel protection measures are implemented, then security against attacks is improved, but processing time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the cryptographic operation into multiple independent XOR groups that can be processed in parallel. This segmentation provides natural side-channel protection by distributing the computational workload across multiple paths, making it difficult for attackers to correlate timing information with secret keys, while the parallel execution maintains high processing speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent maintains continuous processing through parallel XOR operations on multiple data groups simultaneously. This continuous parallel action ensures that side-channel timing information remains uncorrelated with individual key operations, providing protection without introducing pauses or sequential delays that would reduce processing throughput.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides fast, secure, and flexible data expansion and compression functions with reduced side channel leakage, consuming less power and enabling adaptable security levels, thus enhancing IT security without increasing processing time or system complexity.
Implementation Method 1
applying at least one XOR operation between the subkeys to generate an output having a second length of output data bits
Data Source
AI summary
A system and method for encoding data by providing data expansion and compression functions for arbitrary input and output lengths. The input is partitioned into groups of sequential bits. A subkey is selected from secret key material for each group of the input bits. A tree of XOR gates applies XOR operations between the subkeys to generate the output. The XOR gates are arranged in layers and all the XOR gates within a layer switch at about the same time. A compression function is performed if the input length is greater than or equal to the output length and an expansion function is performed if the input length is less than or equal to the output length. There is no statistical correlation between the input and the output. A nonlinear function can be applied to the output such as an invertible S-Box, non-invertible S-Box, or series of Rotate-Add-XOR operations.