XR Rendering Using Hardware Pixels-Per-Degree Estimations
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Solution Overview
Problem
Achieving user immersion in extended-reality (XR) environments is challenging due to the complexities of precise rendering of XR objects, which are affected by user positioning, environmental factors, and hardware constraints.
Innovation Solution
The systems and methods described involve calculating a hardware-centric pixels-per-degree (HPPD) metric for XR devices, which is used to determine an optimal scaling factor for rendering visual XR content, thereby improving user immersion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If visual XR content is rendered at high resolution to improve image quality, then user immersion is enhanced, but computational resources and processing time increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts the rendering resolution by changing the pixels-per-degree (PPD) parameter based on the object's distance from the user. Nearby objects are rendered at higher PPD for detailed view, while distant objects use lower PPD to reduce computational load. This parameter adaptation allows the system to maintain high rendering precision where needed while managing overall computational complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The rendering resolution is made dynamic rather than static. The system continuously adjusts the PPD value based on real-time factors including object distance, user gaze direction, and device hardware capabilities. This dynamic adjustment enables the rendering system to optimize between image quality and computational resources adaptively during runtime.
2Area of moving object
If the field of view is increased to provide broader environmental awareness, then user situational awareness is improved, but the resolution per degree decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies different rendering qualities to different regions of the field of view. The central foveal region where the user is looking receives high PPD rendering for maximum detail, while peripheral regions use lower PPD. This local quality differentiation allows the system to maintain high pixels-per-degree in critical areas while expanding the overall field of view without uniformly reducing resolution.
Solution Approach 2:
The system resolves the FoV-resolution tradeoff by adding a spatial dimension to the rendering strategy. Instead of applying a single PPD value across the entire field of view, the system varies PPD as a function of angular position and distance, creating a three-dimensional rendering quality map that optimizes both field of view coverage and local image quality.
3Productivity
If dynamic resolution adjustment is implemented to optimize performance, then processing efficiency is improved, but rendering artifacts such as blurring and flickering may occur
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary calculations to determine the optimal PPD value before rendering each frame. By pre-computing the required resolution based on predicted object positions, user gaze, and hardware capabilities, the system avoids last-minute resolution changes that could cause flickering. This preliminary action ensures smooth transitions and maintains rendering stability while optimizing performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback mechanisms to monitor rendering quality and adjust PPD dynamically. By continuously monitoring factors such as object distance, velocity, and user attention, the system provides feedback to the rendering engine to maintain optimal PPD values. This feedback loop prevents excessive PPD changes that could cause blurring or flickering while maintaining high rendering efficiency.
Data Source
AI summary
An XR device includes a display device, a lens, and programs. The programs are stored in memory and configured to be executed by processors. Moreover, the programs include instructions for determining an HPPD metric for the XR device based on characteristics of the display device and the lens. The programs also include instructions for receiving data regarding a size and a location of visual XR content from an XR application running on the XR device. Additionally, the programs include instructions for determining an RPPD metric for the visual XR content based on the data. Further, the programs include instructions for determining a recommended resolution for rendering the visual XR content based on the HPPD metric and the RPPD metric. Moreover, the programs include instructions for transmitting the recommended resolution to the XR application, where the XR application is configured to render the visual XR content using the recommended resolution.