X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Additive Manufacturing Fumes

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for analyzing evaporation fumes during additive manufacturing processes, such as mass spectrometry, are costly, provide unreliable results due to sample modification during analysis, and lack real-time monitoring capabilities, leading to potential property deviations in manufactured parts and system contamination.

Innovation Solution

An X-ray fluorescence-based method that emits an X-ray beam to irradiate evaporation fumes, detects fluorescence photons, and generates a detection signal to identify chemical species present, allowing for in-situ, real-time analysis of fume composition without sample collection, with a more reliable and cost-effective approach compared to mass spectrometry.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If mass spectrometry is used to analyze evaporation fumes, then the composition can be determined, but the method is expensive and provides unreliable results due to sample modification during analysis

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefume composition determination accuracyVSAvoidanalysis result reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the necessary information (fluorescence signal) directly from the fume plume without requiring sample collection, transport, or vacuum processing. The X-ray fluorescence detection system captures compositional data in situ, eliminating the harmful intermediate steps that compromise sample integrity in mass spectrometry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces X-ray fluorescence as an intermediary measurement technique between the fume plume and the detector. Instead of directly analyzing the fume sample through complex vacuum and ionization processes, the X-ray fluorescence method uses characteristic photon emission as a mediator to convey compositional information, preserving the original fume composition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If mass spectrometry is used to analyze evaporation fumes, then the composition can be determined, but real-time monitoring is not possible due to various processing steps required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefume composition determination accuracyVSAvoidreal-time analysis capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables continuous real-time monitoring by eliminating the discontinuous steps inherent in mass spectrometry (sampling, vacuum pumping, ionization, detection). The X-ray fluorescence system continuously irradiates the fume plume and detects characteristic emissions without interruption, providing uninterrupted compositional data throughout the additive manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs the measurement action immediately and directly on the fume plume as it is generated, without preliminary sample collection or preparation steps. The X-ray beam is directed at the fume plume in real-time, and the fluorescence signal is detected and processed instantly, enabling real-time monitoring capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If evaporation fumes are not monitored, then the process continues uninterrupted, but the manufactured parts may have property deviations and the system becomes contaminated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing process continuityVSAvoidmanufactured part quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the X-ray fluorescence analysis of evaporation fumes provides real-time information about material composition and evaporation rates. This feedback enables monitoring of process quality and early detection of anomalies, allowing corrective actions to maintain part quality without interrupting the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method provides reliable, real-time analysis of evaporation fumes, reducing the risk of property deviations in manufactured parts and minimizing system contamination, while being more cost-effective and efficient than traditional methods.

Implementation Method 1

emission of at least one X-ray beam to irradiate at least a portion of the evaporation fumes emitted during the implementation of the additive manufacturing process; detection, by a detector, of fluorescence photons emitted by at least a portion of the evaporation fumes irradiated by the at least one X-ray beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray fluorescence: Fluorescence

Data Source

PatentEP3861328B1Method for analyzing evaporation fumes, computer program product, analysis system and additive manufacturing facility associated therewith
Publication Date: 2024.05.08 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP3861328B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for analyzing evaporation fumes (7) emitted during the implementation of an additive manufacturing process employing at least one chemical species as a fusible material, the analysis method comprising the following steps: - emitting at least one beam (23) of X-rays to irradiate at least a portion of the evaporation fumes (7) emitted during the implementation of the additive manufacturing process; - detecting, by a detector (24), fluorescence photons emitted by the at least a portion of the evaporation fumes (7) irradiated by the at least one beam (23) of X-rays, and generating a detection signal representative of the energy deposited by the fluorescence photons in the detector (24); and - identifying, from the detection signal, all or some of the chemical species present in the evaporation fumes (7).