Zero-Current Detector Offset Cancellation Circuit

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing zero-current detectors (ZCDs) in synchronous buck converters are susceptible to silicon differences and offsets, leading to erroneous switch control in voltage converters, which can corrupt the output voltage.

Innovation Solution

A zero-current detector with a comparator, offset cancellation circuit, delay circuit, and auto-zero switch is introduced, enabling offset cancellation and a delay period to accurately detect zero current, while a reset circuit handles glitches to ensure reliable ZCD signals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a zero-current detector is used in synchronous buck converters, then switch control accuracy is improved, but the detector becomes susceptible to silicon differences and offsets causing erroneous control

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvezero current detection accuracyVSAvoidswitch control reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by performing offset sampling during the SW_ON period before the actual zero-current detection occurs. The offset cancellation circuit samples the comparator offset when the auto-zero switch is closed, storing this offset value for subsequent cancellation during the detection phase. This preliminary offset measurement enables accurate zero-current detection despite silicon variations and temperature drift.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback through the offset cancellation circuit that continuously monitors and compensates for comparator offset. The circuit samples the offset during SW_ON, processes this information, and applies cancellation during the zero-current detection phase. This feedback mechanism ensures that offset variations due to silicon differences and temperature changes are continuously corrected, maintaining reliable switch control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If offset cancellation is implemented to eliminate comparator offsets, then detection accuracy is improved, but circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomparator offset cancellationVSAvoidzero-current detector circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the offset sampling and cancellation functions into a single integrated offset cancellation circuit. The circuit combines the auto-zero switch, sampling capacitors, and cancellation pathways into one unified block that performs multiple functions: offset sampling during SW_ON, offset storage, and offset cancellation during detection. This merging approach reduces overall circuit complexity compared to having separate circuits for each function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The offset cancellation circuit is designed with multi-functionality, serving as both a sampling circuit during SW_ON and a cancellation circuit during zero-current detection. The same circuit components (capacitors, switches, amplifiers) are reused for different purposes at different times, eliminating the need for dedicated separate circuits and thereby reducing overall device complexity while maintaining offset cancellation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Speed

If the comparator continuously monitors current to detect zero current, then response speed is improved, but false detection due to glitches increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvezero current detection speedVSAvoiddetection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a delay circuit that introduces a controlled time delay after the SW_OFF signal before enabling the comparator for zero-current detection. This delay allows transient glitches from the switching event to settle before the comparator begins monitoring, preventing false detections while maintaining fast response to actual zero-current conditions. The delay period is optimized to filter glitches without significantly delaying legitimate zero-current detection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3651330B1Zero-current detector for voltage converter
Publication Date: 2023.01.04 NXP USA INC
  • EP3651330B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3651330B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A method for detecting zero-current of a voltage converter includes resetting a comparator output during a first period when a power switch of the voltage converter is turned on, and receiving, by an offset cancellation circuit, sample signals from the comparator. The method also determines a comparator offset using the sample signals. In response to an output voltage of the voltage converter being less than a threshold voltage, the comparator output is reset during a second period when the power switch is turned off. The comparator compares a first signal from the voltage converter with a second signal representing a ground voltage to generate a ZCD signal indicative of a comparison of the first and second signals. Then, an offset cancellation signal indicative of the determined comparator offset is generated to cancel the comparator offset.