ZK-Rollup Transaction Batching With Parallel Trustless Aggregators
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing ZK-rollups face challenges in ensuring liveliness without trusting decentralized aggregators, leading to complexity in leader selection and potential halting of the ZK-rollup if one aggregator fails, while also being resource-intensive and costly due to bandwidth consumption and frequent on-chain verifications.
Innovation Solution
A transaction method for a ZK-rollup network that allows multiple independent trustless aggregators, reduces resource requirements by batching transactions, and uses recursive ZK-proofs to verify transactions off-chain, enabling frequent block production and decreased finalization time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple decentralized aggregators are allowed to operate independently, then availability and censorship-resistance are improved, but complexity of ensuring liveliness without trust increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses self-service mechanisms where aggregators independently produce blocks without requiring selection or coordination. Each aggregator can autonomously create blocks by posting to the L1 blockchain, eliminating the need for complex leader selection protocols and trust assumptions among multiple aggregators.
Solution Approach 2:
The block production process is segmented into independent operations where each aggregator works separately. Instead of requiring a coordinated system where aggregators depend on each other, the patent divides the system so that each aggregator independently posts batches to L1, and the L1 blockchain naturally orders them. This segmentation eliminates the need for complex inter-aggregator coordination mechanisms.
2Reliability
If aggregators must build upon previous blocks in sequence, then trustlessness is maintained, but the ZK-rollup halts if one aggregator fails and complexity of leader selection increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the batch submission process so that each aggregator independently posts batches to L1 without depending on previous aggregators. The L1 blockchain naturally sequences these independent submissions, eliminating the sequential dependency that causes halting when an aggregator fails.
Solution Approach 2:
The L1 blockchain acts as an intermediary that receives and orders batch submissions from multiple independent aggregators. Instead of aggregators directly depending on each other in a sequential chain, the L1 blockchain mediates the ordering and finality, allowing any aggregator to post batches independently while maintaining trustlessness.
3Reliability
If transaction data is posted on-chain for each transaction, then verification correctness is ensured, but on-chain data storage and bandwidth consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple individual transaction batches into a single aggregated batch that is posted to L1. Instead of posting each transaction separately, the aggregator combines state transitions from multiple transactions into one batch with a single validity proof, dramatically reducing on-chain data storage and bandwidth consumption while maintaining verification correctness.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of posting original transaction data to L1, the system posts a compressed representation (Merkle root) of the transaction batch. The full transaction data remains off-chain, and the Merkle root serves as a cryptographic copy that enables verification without storing the complete transaction details on L1, reducing bandwidth and storage requirements.
4Reliability
If frequent on-chain verifications are performed, then transaction correctness is ensured, but computational costs and bandwidth consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple transaction verifications into a single aggregated validity proof. Instead of verifying each transaction individually on L1, the aggregator combines multiple state transitions into one batch with a single ZK-proof, reducing on-chain computational costs and bandwidth while ensuring the correctness of all transactions in the batch through the aggregated proof.
Data Source
AI summary
A computer-implemented transaction method for a ZK-rollup network for a blockchain, with transaction rules governed by a ZK-rollup smart contract deployed on the blockchain, and with the ZK-rollup network comprising several user ZK-rollup nodes of which at least one is an aggregator ZK-rollup node. The method includes using the ZK-rollup smart contract to process a valid user transfer by computing a history root hash from content of the aggregator transfer transaction and from an immediately preceding history root hash, and storing the computed history root hash in a ZK-rollup contract state; and processing a withdrawal of funds to one or more blockchain addresses by receiving an aggregator withdrawal transaction from an aggregator ZK-rollup node, verifying the aggregator withdrawal transaction, and transferring funds according to the purported total amounts received and according to total amounts already withdrawn.