Zwitterion Buffer Compositions for Glucose Biosensor Kinetics

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing glucose monitoring technologies using electrochemical biosensors face challenges in kinetics, stability, and interference, particularly with sodium, which affect the precision and speed of glucose detection and storage stability of reagent compositions.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating zwitterionic buffers, such as PIPES and MOPS, into the reagent compositions for glucose detection, which enhance the enzymatic reaction rate, reduce sodium interference, and improve storage stability by stabilizing enzymes like PQQ-GDH and FAD-GDH, leading to faster signal achievement and increased precision.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional buffers are used in electrochemical biosensors, then the device can function, but the kinetics of glucose detection are slow and precision is limited

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveglucose detection precisionVSAvoidglucose detection speed

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical parameters of the buffer system by introducing zwitterionic buffers (PIPES, MOPS, HEPES) with specific pH ranges (7.0-7.5) and ionic strengths. This parameter optimization enhances enzyme activity and reaction kinetics, resulting in faster glucose detection speed and improved measurement precision simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Duration of action of stationary object

If reagent compositions are stored long-term, then availability is improved, but stability deteriorates due to enzyme degradation

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvestorage durationVSAvoidenzyme stability

Core Design Contradiction:

Duration of action of stationary objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The zwitterionic buffer acts as an intermediary protective medium between the enzyme and harmful storage conditions. The buffer system stabilizes the enzyme structure through ionic interactions and maintains optimal pH, preventing enzyme degradation during long-term storage while preserving activity.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

By optimizing the buffer concentration (10-100 mM) and pH (7.0-7.5), the patent creates storage conditions that significantly improve enzyme stability. These parameter changes allow reagent compositions to maintain enzyme activity over extended storage periods without significant degradation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If standard buffers are used, then the system is simple, but sodium interference affects measurement accuracy

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveglucose measurement accuracyVSAvoidsodium interference

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potential harm of sodium interference into a benefit by using zwitterionic buffers that specifically counteract sodium effects. The buffer system's ionic composition creates an environment where sodium interference is minimized, improving measurement accuracy in the presence of sodium.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The use of zwitterionic buffers in reagent compositions for glucose monitoring enhances the speed and precision of glucose detection, improves enzyme stability, and reduces sodium interference, resulting in more reliable and efficient glucose measurement.

Implementation Method 1

the relevant chemical reaction is the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone. This oxidation is catalyzed by a variety of enzymes

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectEnzyme catalysis: Enzyme

Implementation Method 2

zwitterionic buffers may improve the kinetics of glucose detection and/or measurement. In particular, it has been discovered that zwitterionic buffers may improve time to maximum signal and/or improve the magnitude of the maximum signal

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectZwitterionic buffer effect:

Implementation Method 3

zwitterionic buffers may improve the stability, such as the storage stability, of reagent compositions useful for glucose detection and/or measurement. In particular, it has been discovered that zwitterionic buffers may improve the temperature stability of the reagent composition

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectBuffering effect:

Implementation Method 4

electrochemical biosensors are primarily based on enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions involving the analyte of interest. In the case of glucose monitoring, the relevant chemical reaction is the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElectrochemical detection:

Data Source

PatentUS11851685B2Zwitterion buffer containing compositions and uses in electroanalytical devices and methods

Publication Date: 2023.12.26 ROCHE DIABETES CARE INC

AI summary

Described herein are reagent compositions for detecting and/or measuring analytes in a test sample. In one embodiment, reagent compositions are described for detecting and/or measuring glucose in a sample.