Zwitterion Polymer Solid Support for Microvesicle Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for isolating microvesicles are inefficient, often requiring complex processes, high-cost apparatuses, and large sample volumes, and can introduce biases due to protein interactions and conformational changes, making it difficult to isolate microvesicles from small samples effectively.
Innovation Solution
A composition and kit utilizing zwitterion moieties conjugated with polymers, fixed on solid supports, which bind to microvesicles in a sample, allowing for efficient isolation and reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption, enabling the use of smaller sample volumes and improved detection of microvesicles and their contents.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing immuno-capture methods are used to isolate microvesicles, then microvesicles can be isolated, but the method introduces biases due to masking of antibody recognition sites by conformational changes of proteins, microvesicle heterogeneity, and protein interactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses zwitterion moieties as intermediary molecules that mediate the interaction between the isolation system and microvesicles. These zwitterion moieties bind to microvesicles through nonspecific interactions, serving as a bridge that avoids the protein-conformational change masking problem inherent in antibody-based methods while maintaining reliable isolation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental interaction parameter from antibody-protein specific binding to zwitterion-microvesicle nonspecific binding. This parameter change eliminates the bias introduced by conformational changes and protein interactions, allowing consistent isolation across different sample types and conditions
2Reliability
If existing methods are used to isolate microvesicles, then isolation can be achieved, but the process requires complicated procedures, high-cost apparatuses, or large sample volumes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the essential isolation function from complex multi-step procedures and high-cost apparatuses. By using zwitterion moieties that can be incorporated into simple solid support structures, the method isolates microvesicles through a streamlined process that eliminates unnecessary complexity while maintaining isolation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The zwitterion moiety-based system provides universal applicability across different sample types and microvesicle sources. The same basic isolation mechanism works for various cell types and sample volumes, eliminating the need for multiple specialized apparatuses and procedures
3Reliability
If existing methods are used to isolate microvesicles, then isolation can be performed, but the methods require large sample volumes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the binding parameter from antibody-specific recognition to zwitterion-nonspecific interaction, which has higher binding capacity and lower stringency. This parameter change enables effective isolation from smaller sample volumes by increasing the total number of binding sites and reducing the threshold for microvesicle capture
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of zwitterion moieties on solid supports enhances the selective isolation of microvesicles, reduces protein nonspecific adsorption, and allows for the detection of microvesicles from small sample volumes, improving the efficiency and accuracy of microvesicle isolation and analysis.
Implementation Method 1
a compound having zwitterion moieties
Data Source
AI summary
A composition, a kit, and a method of isolating a vesicle from a sample using a compound comprising zwitterion moieties, which may be used to analyze vesicles, and proteins, glycoprotein, lipids, or nucleic acids thereof.