Zwitterionic Nanoprisms for Multiplexed Biomarker Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current bioanalytical assays are limited by their univariant nature, unable to simultaneously detect multiple types of biomolecules like microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins using a single instrument, leading to inefficiencies and inaccuracies in disease diagnosis.
Innovation Solution
A nanoplasmonic biosensor utilizing gold triangular nanoprisms with light-inducible isomerizable compounds, enabling simultaneous detection of microRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins through localized surface plasmon resonance and surface-enhanced Raman scattering, allowing for multiplexing and regeneration of the biosensor for different analytes using the same device.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple univariant bioanalytical techniques are run in parallel to detect different biomolecules, then detection capability for multiple biomolecule types is improved, but device complexity and time consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal biosensing platform based on localized surface plasmon resonance that can detect multiple types of biomolecules (proteins, DNA, RNA) using the same instrument. The system uses a standardized sensor surface that can be functionalized with different receptor molecules to bind various analyte types, eliminating the need for multiple specialized instruments while maintaining high detection capability across different biomolecule classes
Solution Approach 2:
The detection system segments the detection function into modular components: a universal sensing platform with standardized detection optics, and interchangeable receptor molecules that can be attached to the sensor surface. This segmentation allows the same physical instrument to be reconfigured for different analyte types by simply changing the receptor layer, rather than requiring entirely different instruments for each biomolecule type
2Adaptability or versatility
If multiple univariant bioanalytical techniques are run in parallel to detect different biomolecules, then detection capability for multiple biomolecule types is improved, but time consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple detection functions into a single integrated biosensing platform that can detect proteins, DNA, and RNA simultaneously or in sequence using the same instrument. By combining what were previously separate univariant techniques into one multiplexed system, the patent eliminates the time required to run multiple instruments in parallel while maintaining the ability to detect different biomolecule types
Solution Approach 2:
The system enables periodic detection of different biomolecule types through sequential functionalization of the sensor surface with different receptors. The same physical sensor can be repeatedly used for different analyte types by cycling through receptor attachment and detection phases, allowing high-throughput screening of multiple biomarkers over time without the time penalty of multiple instruments
3Measurement precision
If conventional protein assay techniques (Western blot, ELISA) are used, then protein detection is achieved, but sensitivity and specificity are reduced due to labeling and pre-amplification requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for labeling and pre-amplification steps from conventional protein assay techniques. The localized surface plasmon resonance detection method directly detects bound analytes through refractive index changes at the sensor surface, removing the complex labeling procedures required by Western blot and ELISA while improving sensitivity and specificity through label-free detection
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical and chemical procedures of conventional assays (washing, blocking, labeling, developing) with an optical detection method based on localized surface plasmon resonance. This substitution eliminates multiple preparation and purification steps while providing direct, real-time detection of analyte binding events with high sensitivity and specificity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach provides high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, enabling accurate and rapid disease diagnosis by allowing multiple biomarkers to be detected with a single instrument, reducing false positives and negatives, and lowering costs.
Implementation Method 1
a light inducible isomerizable compound, wherein the LSPR antennae are linked to said functional surface of the LSPR chip
Implementation Method 2
utilize localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs)
Implementation Method 3
gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) coupled with the molecular dipole of zwitterionic surfaces to enhance plasmonic response
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein is a plasmonic molecular device consisting photoisomerizable molecular switch-tethered gold triangular nanoprisms and methods for using such device for the detection of biomarkers. The molecular device exhibits unprecedentedly large localized surface plasmon resonance shifts during the photoisomerization of molecular switches. The fabricated molecular device with zwitterionic structure has been utilized to develop adaptable nanoplasmonic biosensor for ultrasensitive. highly specific and programmable detection of microRNAs and proteins from patient biofluids.