Artificial breeding method of Phoenix conch

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of Phoenix snail breeding, and in particular to an artificial breeding method for Phoenix snails. The method comprises the following steps: randomly selecting 60 red Phoenix snails with good vitality, wiping off excess moisture on the surfaces of the red Phoenix snails, measuring morphological parameters of the red Phoenix snails using a vernier caliper, weighing the body mass Y1 using an electronic balance, then dissecting the sample, weighing the mass Y2 of the soft body, performing anatomical observation, and distinguishing and recording the sexes. The method develops artificial breeding technology for the red Phoenix snails by observing the reproductive biological characteristics of the red Phoenix snails, providing a scientific basis for the artificial breeding of the species, and having important significance for promoting the sustainable utilization and protection of the red Phoenix snails, thereby promoting the development and promotion of artificial breeding technology for the red Phoenix snails, being conducive to meeting market demand, increasing the income of the breeding industry, reducing wild fishing, and promoting the sustainable utilization and protection of its ecological resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Phoenix conch breeding, and in particular to an artificial breeding method for Phoenix conch. Background Art

[0002] The red-bellied Phoenix Conch, also known as the hedge conch and red-mouthed conch, belongs to the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda, order Mesogastropoda, family Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum Phylum. Its spiral shell makes it an important commercial shellfish. Therefore, understanding the reproductive biology of the red-bellied Phoenix Conch can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for its artificial propagation. The development and promotion of artificial propagation techniques will help meet market demand, increase aquaculture profits, reduce wild fishing, and promote the sustainable utilization and protection of its ecological resources. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial breeding method for Phoenix conch, develop its artificial breeding technology, and provide a scientific basis for the artificial breeding of this species.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for artificially breeding Phoenix conch, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: Randomly select 60 vigorous red Phoenix snails, wipe off excess moisture from their surfaces, measure morphological parameters of the snails using a vernier caliper, and weigh their body mass Y1 using an electronic balance. Dissect the snails, weigh the soft body mass Y2, perform anatomical observation, and identify and record the sex of the snails.

[0006] Step S2: Using statistical software to perform preliminary processing and analysis on the 60 sets of data, obtaining the mean and standard deviation of each morphological trait of males and females, and performing statistical analysis using an independent sample T test;

[0007] Step S3: Selecting larger and more vigorous snails from the sample as parent snails, placing 10 of these snails in each parent snail culture tank, and installing a 50W LED lamp in each culture tank. During the culture period, the water temperature was 28±2°C and the salinity was 32±2‰. Diatoms were artificially cultured in each parent snail culture tank, and a light-dark cycle of 14 hours:10 hours was provided.

[0008] Step S4: Transfer the parent snails whose gonads have matured to the spawning tanks, and place 10 snails in each spawning tank. Then, raise the water temperature in the spawning tanks to 30±2°C, add clean and air-dried coral sand, and place an air stone in each tank. After about 2-3 days of induced spawning, the parent snails with mature gonads will mate and lay eggs.

[0009] Step S5: After the parent snail lays eggs, the egg sac is taken out with a beaker, and after being briefly rinsed with filtered and disinfected seawater, it is immersed in a 20 mg / L povidone-iodine solution for disinfection for 1-2 minutes, and then briefly rinsed with seawater and placed in a pre-prepared incubation tank. The salinity in the incubation tank is 32‰ and the water temperature is 26±1°C. The egg sac is then lifted with a scoop net and an air stone is placed. Samples are taken from the incubation tank at regular intervals, photographed under a microscope, and the embryonic development process is recorded.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the parameters measured using a vernier caliper include screw height X1, screw width X2, body whorl height X3, body whorl width X4, spiral portion height X5, and spiral portion width X6.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the body mass Y1 is the sum of the mass of the shell and the soft body of the red Phoenix conch.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the step of drying the surface moisture of the red Phoenix Conch is:

[0013] S1.1. Prepare a clean, impurity-free cloth or paper towel. Gently place the damp cloth or paper towel on the surface of the Phoenix conch, avoiding excessive force to avoid damaging the shell.

[0014] S1.2. Gently press and wipe away any moisture on the surface, using moderate force and taking care not to damage the conch.

[0015] S1.3. If there is still residual moisture, replace with a dry cloth or paper towel and repeat the above steps until the surface is completely dry.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the dimensions of the culture tank are 70 cm long × 50 cm wide × 60 cm high.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the ammonia nitrogen content in the cultivation tank does not exceed 0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite content does not exceed 0.03 mg / L.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, bottom suction and 10% water exchange are performed once a week during the culture period.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the coral sand added has a particle size of 3-4 mm.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, the natural seawater used in the hatching tank is filtered through a 200-mesh filter, disinfected with 20 mg / L bleaching powder for 2-3 hours, and then sodium thiosulfate is added at a concentration of 0.5 mg / L to remove residual chlorine.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, the incubation container and utensils are soaked and disinfected with a 5% potassium permanganate solution, then washed and dried.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The method of the present invention develops artificial breeding technology of the red-tipped Phoenix conch by observing the reproductive biological characteristics of the red-tipped Phoenix conch, providing a scientific basis for the artificial breeding of the species, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable utilization and protection of the red-tipped Phoenix conch, thereby promoting the development and promotion of artificial breeding technology of the red-tipped Phoenix conch, which is conducive to meeting market demand, increasing the income of the aquaculture industry, reducing wild fishing, and promoting the sustainable utilization and protection of its ecological resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the morphological parameters of the red Phoenix conch;

[0025] Figure 2 This is the anatomy diagram of the male and female red Phoenix conch;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a macroscopic image of the testis (left) and ovary (right) of the red Phoenix snail;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the testis (600x on the left) and ovary (150x on the right) of the red Phoenix snail under a magnifying glass;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mating behavior of the red Phoenix snail;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a diagram of a red-bellied conch laying eggs;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the oocyst;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the embryonic development of the red Phoenix snail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] An artificial breeding method for Phoenix conch, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step S1: Randomly select 60 red Phoenix snails with good vitality, wipe off the excess water on the surface of the red Phoenix snails, and use a vernier caliper (accuracy 0.1mm) to measure the snail height x1, snail width x2, body whorl height x3, body whorl width x4, spiral height x5, spiral width x6 (as shown in the figure). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the morphological parameters of the red Phoenix snail are shown, where X1 is shell height; X2 is shell width; X3 is body whorl height; X4 is body whorl width; X5 is spiral height; X6 is spiral width). The body mass Y1 (the sum of the shell and soft body mass) was weighed using an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.01g. After measurement, the specimen was dissected, and the soft body mass Y2 was weighed for anatomical observation. The sex was then identified and recorded.

[0035] The steps to dry the surface of the red Phoenix Conch are as follows:

[0036] S1.1. Prepare a clean, impurity-free cloth or paper towel. Gently place the damp cloth or paper towel on the surface of the Phoenix conch, avoiding excessive force to avoid damaging the shell.

[0037] S1.2. Gently press and wipe away any moisture on the surface, using moderate force and taking care not to damage the conch.

[0038] S1.3. If there is still residual moisture, replace the cloth or paper towel with a dry one and repeat the above steps until the surface is completely dry.

[0039] Step S2: Use statistical software such as Excel 2016 or SPSS 27 to perform preliminary processing and analysis on the 60 groups of data to obtain the mean and standard deviation of each morphological trait of males and females, and perform statistical analysis using independent sample T test. Each group of data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and statistically significant differences are considered to be P < 0.05.

[0040] Step S3, selecting snails with larger size and better vitality from the sample as parent snails, selecting a suitable cultivation tank with a size of 70 cm long × 50 cm wide × 60 cm high, placing 10 parent snails in each cultivation tank, and setting a 50W LED lamp in each cultivation tank. During the cultivation period, the water temperature is 28±2°C, the salinity is 32±2‰, the ammonia nitrogen content does not exceed 0.5 mg / L, high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen can cause toxic effects on snails, leading to health problems or even death, the nitrite content does not exceed 0.03 mg / L, high concentrations of nitrite can also cause toxic effects on snails, and the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite contents are kept within a reasonable range to facilitate artificial cultivation of diatoms in each parent snail cultivation tank, provide sufficient nutrition for the parent snails and play a role in purifying the water quality, and provide a light and dark cycle of 14h:10h so that the parent snails can lay eggs normally;

[0041] During the cultivation period, artificial abalone feed is fed in appropriate amounts every day according to the growth of diatoms in the culture tank and the feeding situation of the parent snails to ensure sufficient nutrition for the parent snails and provide certain nutrients for the growth of diatoms in the water body. Bottom suction and 10% water changes are performed once a week during the cultivation period.

[0042] Step S4: Transfer the parent snails whose gonads have matured to the spawning tanks, and place 10 snails in each spawning tank. Then, raise the water temperature in the spawning tank to 30±2°C, and add clean and air-dried coral sand (particle size 3-4mm) to provide a good substrate for the parent snails to lay eggs. Place an air stone in each tank to ensure dissolved oxygen and provide water flow. After about 2-3 days of induced spawning, the parent snails with mature gonads will mate and lay eggs.

[0043] Step S5, after the parent snail lays eggs, the egg sac is taken out with a beaker, and after a simple rinse with filtered and sterilized seawater, it is immersed in a 20mg / L povidone-iodine solution for disinfection for 1-2 minutes, and then simply rinsed with seawater and placed in a pre-prepared incubation tank. The salinity in the incubation tank is 32‰ and the water temperature is 26±1°C. The egg sac is then lifted with a scoop net and an air stone is placed to ensure smooth hatching. Samples are taken from the incubation tank at regular intervals, photographed under a microscope, and the embryonic development process is recorded;

[0044] The natural seawater used in the hatching tank needs to be filtered through a 200-mesh filter, disinfected with 20 mg / L bleach (effective concentration 11%) for 2-3 hours, and then sodium thiosulfate is added at a concentration of 0.5 mg / L to remove residual chlorine. The hatching containers and utensils are soaked and disinfected with 5% potassium permanganate solution, then washed and dried.

[0045] Example:

[0046] 1. Breeding of Red Phoenix Conch:

[0047] The red-bellied Phoenix snails used in this experiment were purchased from the Hongsha Wharf in Sanya, and their origin is the Xisha Sea area at a depth of 10-20m. Individuals with good size and vitality were selected and artificially bred according to the above steps. As shown in Table 1, among the samples studied, after T-test analysis, it was found that only the measurement data of the spiral height showed significant differences between males and females (P < 0.05), and the differences in other measurement values ​​between males and females were not significant, indicating that the spiral height may be a significant morphological feature of male and female red-bellied Phoenix snails.

[0048] Table 1 Comparison of shape and traits of male and female red-bellied Phoenix snails (n=60)

[0049]

[0050] Note: In the table, * indicates significant difference (P < 0.05), and no * indicates no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the male red-bellied Phoenix Snail has a protruding copulator at the bottom of the mantle, located on the back of the head. The gender can be determined based on whether there is a protruding copulator; it has a testis, which is orange-red when mature, darker in color, smaller in size, and contains mature sperm.

[0052] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the female red-bellied Phoenix Snail has ovaries, which are light yellow in color and larger in size when mature, and contain mature eggs inside.

[0053] In this experiment, 50 parent snails were placed in five breeding tanks. After induced spawning, a 40% spawning rate was achieved, resulting in a total of 12,500 egg sacs, each containing an average of 12,500 fertilized eggs. The fertilization rate was approximately 100%, resulting in a total of approximately 125,000 fertilized eggs. The breeding temperature for the red Phoenix snails in this experiment was 28±1°C, with a 14h / 10h light / dark cycle and a salinity of 32‰. The snails were fed a diet consisting of benthic diatoms and artificial abalone feed.

[0054] The red Phoenix Snail is a dioecious species with internal fertilization. It needs to mate to lay eggs. During mating, the male snail will approach the female snail and extend its tentacles to clasp the female snail's shell, thus fixing it together. The male snail first extends its reproductive organ and then inserts it into the female snail's reproductive organ for mating. During mating, the male snail's sperm will be transferred to the female snail's body ( Figure 5 ), mating usually takes place at noon and lasts about 1 hour. The female snail will produce egg sacs a few hours later at dusk or evening ( Figure 6 ).

[0055] Oocyst characteristics: adhered to gravel in the form of clumps or strips (such as Figure 3 ), peel off the oocysts from the gravel, and they are visible as small white strips to the naked eye. Under a microscope, the oocysts are transparent strips (such as Figure 4 ), with an average diameter of about 330 μm. Each millimeter of oocyst contains about 24 fertilized eggs, and the diameter of each fertilized egg is about 110 μm (Plate 8-1).

[0056] 2. Hatching of fertilized eggs:

[0057] The fertilized egg develops in water at 26±1°C and a salinity of 32‰. Approximately 50 minutes later, the first polar body appears at the animal pole, followed by the second polar body 1 hour and 20 minutes later (Plate 8-2). Approximately 2 hours later, the zygote divides by meridional fission into two equal-sized blastomeres with distinct, oval boundaries, marking the two-cell stage (Plate 8-3). This division is complete and equal. Approximately 2 hours and 50 minutes later, another meridional fission occurs, perpendicular to the previous one, forming four equal-sized blastomeres in the same plane, marking the four-cell stage (Plate 8-4). This division is also complete and equal. Approximately 3 hours and 50 minutes later, the four blastomeres gradually elongate, dividing by equal and unequal fission into four smaller blastomeres at the animal pole and four larger blastomeres at the vegetal pole. The blastomeres at the animal pole are small and light-colored, while those at the vegetal pole are large and darker, with each smaller blastomere nestled between two larger blastomeres. This division pattern is classic spiral cleavage. This is the eight-cell stage (Plate 8-5). As time goes by, the number of cells at the animal pole of the embryo increases and their size gradually decreases, while the cells at the vegetal pole continue to undergo spiral cleavage. The changes in color and volume are not obvious, but the cell boundaries gradually become unclear. During this process, the cells at the vegetal pole are significantly larger than those at the animal pole. This is the multicellular stage (Plate 8-6).

[0058] Around 9 hours after gestation, the embryonic cells become numerous and generally round, with the vegetal pole darker and richer in yolk, marking the blastocyst stage (Plate 8-7). Around 10 hours after gestation, as the embryo progresses, the number of cells at the animal pole increases, and the overall pattern becomes outward-extending, inward-depressing, and gradually wrapping around the vegetal pole (Plate 8-8). Throughout the developmental process from gastrula to trochophore larvae, the development of the vegetal and animal poles differs markedly. The animal pole cells gradually protrude outward, become lighter in color, and the boundary between them and the vegetal pole becomes increasingly clear. As cell differentiation progresses, the boundaries between cells of different tissues also become increasingly distinct. This process reveals the differentiation of the different cell layers of the embryo, as the different germ layers separate and begin to differentiate into distinct cell layers and organ structures. Around 56 hours of embryonic development, as the various cell tissues of the gastrula differentiate, the embryo gradually develops into a trochophore larva that takes on the appearance of a larva, complete with cilia and the ability to rotate slightly within the membrane (Plate 8-9). During this developmental process, the larva's organs gradually become distinct, and it gradually develops into a velar disc larva within the membrane, without reaching the independent trochophore stage. Approximately 75 hours after embryonic development, the larva reaches the velar disc larva stage (Plates 8-10). The larva's two eye sacs develop first, and it possesses a transparent shell structure. The head is located at the front of the shell, surrounded by cilia. These cilia allow the larva to slowly rotate within the membrane, with the tail curled at the rear end of the shell. The early stages of the digestive system can be observed within the membrane. The intramembranous velar disc larvae make intermittent movements within the membrane. The cilia move slowly but frequently in the early stages, and rapidly but frequently contract in the later stages. With continued movement within the membrane, the larva eventually breaks through the membrane and hatches.

[0059] About 81 hours later, the embryo develops into a velum larvae that have emerged from the membrane. The newly emerged velum larvae are relatively large in size, with a body length of about 180μm and a body width of about 100μm (Plates 8-11 and 8-12). They have the primordium of the mantle on their back, the primordium of the feet on their abdomen, a pair of eye sacs and a balance sac on their head, and two large symmetrical ciliated discs, namely the velum, in front of their mouth. The velum is obviously expanded into two lobes on the left and right. The larvae can swim in the water and feed on single-celled algae through the movement of the velum. It takes a certain period of growth, development and metamorphosis to become juvenile snails.

[0060] Table 2 Embryonic development time of the red Phoenix snail

[0061]

[0062] Note: Fertilized egg incubation temperature (26±1℃), salinity 32‰

[0063] 3. Conclusion

[0064] The red-bellied Phoenix Snail is dioecious, fertilized internally, and requires mating for reproduction. This is similar to the currently popular cultured Babylonia striata. However, even individuals with mature gonads have been observed to mate and lay eggs only when suitable spawning substrate is available. This may be because the egg sac of the red-bellied Phoenix Snail is formed by the female snail using her proboscis to adhere the egg band to the gravel, rather than by gluing the egg sac together at the base of the stalk like in ovoviviparous shellfish such as Babylonia striata. This unique spawning method of the red-bellied Phoenix Snail may help reduce the risk of predation of the egg sac, while also helping to stabilize the egg sac, facilitating the successful hatching of the larvae.

[0065] The average diameter of a fertilized egg of the red-bellied Phoenix snail is approximately 110 μm, which is relatively small. The fertilized eggs of other ovoviviparous marine snails are generally around 200 μm in diameter, such as the 170 μm diameter of the warty lychee snail, the 175 μm diameter of the mud snail, and the 205 μm diameter of the veined red snail. Embryos with smaller eggs may develop more quickly and incubate in a shorter time.

[0066] Embryonic development of the red Phoenix snail begins with a fertilized egg and develops into a membranous disc larva after approximately 3 days and 9 hours at 26±1°C. This relatively rapid embryonic development results in a relatively short developmental cycle. Other marine snails typically develop embryos for 5-14 days, including the mud snail (Bullacta exarata) at 5 days and 2 hours (18-30°C), the flat jade snail (Glossaulax didyma) at 5-6 days (28°C), the longitudinally ribbed weave snail (Nassarius variciferus) at 7 days (20±2°C), the warty litchi snail (11-14 days) (27-28°C), and the veined red snail (Rapana venosa) at 16 days (21-22°C). This embryonic developmental period may be related to factors such as embryo size and incubation temperature.

[0067] The cleavage pattern of the Phoenix snail (Phoenix rubra) is spiral, similar to that of other gastropod snails, such as the ribbed scallop and the flat scallop. Its unique spiral cleavage, characterized by a twisting cleavage along the egg's axis, forms distinct cell clusters at different levels, resulting in a yolk-rich embryo. This cleavage pattern may strengthen the connections between cells within the embryo, thereby regulating and coordinating cell division, strengthening intercellular connections, and preventing abnormalities during cell division and differentiation, thus promoting normal embryonic development.

[0068] The gastrula development period of the red Phoenix snail differs significantly from that of other snails, exhibiting unique morphological characteristics. Different tissue differentiation can be observed during the gastrula stage, and a rudimentary larval gastrula develops in the late gastrula stage. These characteristics may be related to the unique external structure of the red Phoenix snail. Furthermore, the developmental period from gastrula to veliger larvae accounts for a significant portion (65%), compared to 6%-40% in other marine snails, such as the flat jellyfish (6%), the longitudinally ribbed weaver (19%), the veined red snail (29%-40%), and the warty lychee snail (13%). The longer gastrula development period in the red Phoenix snail may allow the gastrula to undergo more differentiation and morphological changes, thereby facilitating the formation of a more complex embryonic structure and helping to ensure normal embryonic development. It also significantly shortens the developmental time of the trochophore and intramembranous veliger larvae, reducing the consumption of yolk nutrients and resources during the larval stage and improving larval survival. The gastrula period of the red-bellied Phoenix Conch is long and different tissues and organs are differentiated in advance, which is quite different from the embryonic development process of other marine snails. This may be related to the unique biological structure and living habits of the red-bellied Phoenix Conch.

[0069] After the fertilized egg of the red-bellied Phoenix snail develops into a veliger larva and breaks out of the membrane, it still needs to undergo a period of development before metamorphosis into the adult. This larval developmental process is considered indirect, similar to many other gastropod snails, such as the longitudinally ribbed weaver snail, the flat jade snail, the square-spotted baby snail, and the warty lychee snail. This developmental process may help reduce competition, as the larval and adult stages have different living environments and food resources, thus reducing intraspecific competition within the same waters. Furthermore, indirect snail larvae can be dispersed by water currents to areas far from their spawning sites, thereby increasing the species' range and abundance, and promoting population optimization and survival.

[0070] In this technical solution, through an 180-day artificial breeding experiment on 50 wild individuals of the red-bellied Phoenix snail, a total of 10 groups of egg sacs and 125,000 fertilized eggs were obtained. The egg-laying rate reached 40%, the fertilization rate was about 100%, and the reproductive capacity was relatively high, indicating that its artificial breeding technology has certain feasibility and effectiveness.

[0071] This experiment revealed that the reproduction of the red-bellied Phoenix snail is seasonal, with its reproductive behavior and oocyst production showing certain seasonal patterns. These patterns may be influenced by factors such as food, temperature, and salinity. Techniques for controlling the reproductive season of this species could be developed to artificially control the timing of reproductive behavior and oocyst production, enabling year-round production and improving its economic benefits and sustainable utilization.

[0072] During the parent-breeding phase of artificial propagation, it was discovered that this species has high requirements for feed quality and variety, resulting in high breeding costs. If artificial propagation techniques are to be applied to actual production, the development of artificial feeds remains to be studied.

[0073] During the artificial incubation and seedling rearing stage, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is low and the survival rate of larvae is low, which may be affected by the incubation environment. The influencing factors of artificial seedling rearing may need further research, such as temperature, salinity and other factors, to explore its optimal environmental parameters, so as to optimize the technical conditions of artificial breeding and improve its production efficiency.

[0074] Artificial breeding of the Phoenix conch requires selecting an appropriate breeding season, selecting healthy individuals with mature gonads as parent snails, and pairing them. When inducing spawning, it may be necessary to provide a high-quality spawning substrate, such as pure, fine-grained coral sand, to encourage spawning. During incubation, attention should be paid to bacterial control in the incubation water. Disinfection and sterilization are necessary, such as disinfecting the egg sacs with a certain concentration of formaldehyde solution, adding antibiotics, or using a germicidal lamp. During the larval rearing stage, suitable single-celled algae, such as Chaetoceros, are required to support the growth and development of the disc larvae. Different bait types and bait rotation should be provided at different stages to accommodate changes in the larvae's feeding habits and lifestyle during development.

[0075] A six-month experiment with broodstock of the red Phoenix snail, conducted at a water temperature of 28±2°C and a salinity of 32‰, feeding artificial bait and naturally grown diatoms, successfully produced gonadally mature broodstock. Furthermore, through experiments involving temperature increases and other induced spawning, mating and spawning were initiated, resulting in the recovery of approximately 125,000 fertilized eggs. This preliminary study explored the artificial breeding and maturation techniques and induced spawning conditions for the red Phoenix snail.

[0076] The embryonic development of the oocysts of the Phoenix snail (Phoenix rubra) was observed and recorded by artificial incubation at a temperature of 26±1°C and a salinity of 32°C. The results showed that from the time the parent snail lays the fertilized egg, the embryo develops to the gastrula stage 10 hours later, which then develops into a trochophore larva 46 hours later. The trochophore larva develops into a veliger larva 19 hours later, and then emerges from the membrane 6 hours later. The total embryonic development time is 81 hours (3 days and 9 hours), indicating a rapid development rate and an indirect larval development process.

[0077] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for artificial breeding of Phoenix Conch, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Randomly select 60 vigorous red Phoenix snails, wipe off excess moisture from their surfaces, measure morphological parameters of the snails using a vernier caliper, and weigh their body mass Y1 using an electronic balance. Dissect the snails, weigh the soft body mass Y2, perform anatomical observation, and identify and record the sex of the snails. Step S2: Using statistical software to perform preliminary processing and analysis on the 60 sets of data, obtaining the mean and standard deviation of each morphological trait of males and females, and performing statistical analysis using an independent sample T test; Step S3: Selecting larger and more vigorous snails from the sample as parent snails, placing 10 of these snails in each parent snail culture tank, and installing a 50W LED lamp in each culture tank. During the culture period, the water temperature was 28±2°C and the salinity was 32±2‰. Diatoms were artificially cultured in each parent snail culture tank, and a light-dark cycle of 14 hours:10 hours was provided. Step S4: Transfer the parent snails with mature gonads to the spawning tanks, and place 10 snails in each spawning tank. Then, raise the water temperature in the spawning tanks to 30±2°C, add clean and air-dried coral sand, and place an air stone in each tank. After 2-3 days of induced spawning, the parent snails with mature gonads will mate and lay eggs. Step S5: After the parent snail lays eggs, the egg sac is taken out with a beaker, and after being briefly rinsed with filtered and disinfected seawater, it is immersed in a 20 mg / L povidone-iodine solution for disinfection for 1-2 minutes, and then briefly rinsed with seawater and placed in a pre-prepared incubation tank. The salinity in the incubation tank is 32‰ and the water temperature is 26±1°C. The egg sac is lifted with a scoop net and placed in an air stone. Samples are taken from the incubation tank at regular intervals, photographed under a microscope, and the embryonic development process is recorded.

2. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the parameters measured using a vernier caliper include screw height X1, screw width X2, body whorl height X3, body whorl width X4, spiral portion height X5, and spiral portion width X6.

3. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the body mass Y1 is the sum of the mass of the shell and the soft body of the red Phoenix Conch.

4. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the step of wiping the surface moisture of the red Phoenix Conch is as follows: S1.

1. Prepare a clean, impurity-free cloth or paper towel. Gently place the damp cloth or paper towel on the surface of the Phoenix conch, avoiding excessive force to avoid damaging the shell. S1.

2. Gently press and wipe away any moisture on the surface, using moderate force and taking care not to damage the conch. S1.

3. If there is still residual moisture, replace the cloth or paper towel with a dry one and repeat the above steps until the surface is completely dry.

5. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the dimensions of the culture tank are 70 cm long×50 cm wide×60 cm high.

6. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the ammonia nitrogen content in the cultivation tank does not exceed 0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite content does not exceed 0.03 mg / L.

7. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, bottom suction and 10% water exchange are performed once a week during the culture period.

8. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the coral sand added has a particle size of 3-4 mm.

9. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the natural seawater used in the hatching tank is filtered through a 200-mesh filter, disinfected with 20 mg / L bleaching powder for 2-3 hours, and then sodium thiosulfate is added at a concentration of 0.5 mg / L to remove residual chlorine.

10. The artificial propagation method of Phoenix Conch according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the incubation container and utensils are soaked and disinfected with 5% potassium permanganate solution, then washed and dried.

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