Application of alpha-ketoglutarate calcium in accelerating fattening process of meat rams

Abstract

The invention discloses application of alpha-ketoglutarate calcium in accelerating the fattening process of meat rams. The alpha-ketoglutarate calcium is applied to promoting the mutton sheep to eat and accelerating the fattening process of the mutton sheep. The alpha-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt used in the sheep feed can promote sheep ingestion, increase the average daily growth of sheep, improve the feed efficiency and shorten the fattening period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of feed additives and relates to the application of alpha-ketoglutarate calcium in accelerating the fattening process of meat rams. Background Art

[0002] Mutton is tender, rich in amino acids, low in cholesterol and fat, high in protein, and contains trace elements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, copper, and zinc that are closely related to human health. Regular consumption of mutton also has health-care functions, so it is a healthy meat. In the past, mutton prices were high, production was low, and the consumer market was sluggish.

[0004] Under the traditional breeding model, meat sheep grow slowly, feed utilization efficiency is seriously low, the fattening period is long and some meat sheep breeds can even take up to a year to reach the market slaughter weight, and production efficiency is seriously insufficient.

[0005] α-ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate metabolite in tricarboxylic acid energy metabolism (TCA). It has the functions of promoting bone development, balancing the body's carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism to improve the conversion rate of nutrients. At the same time, α-ketoglutaric acid also has the function of anti-oxidation and improving the body's immunity. However, α-ketoglutaric acid is too acidic, causes great gastrointestinal discomfort, and has a low utilization rate in the body. Under the current high-concentrate feeding model of animal husbandry, it is very easy to cause diseases such as rumen acidosis or subacute rumen acidosis in sheep. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of calcium alpha-ketoglutarate in accelerating the fattening process of rams in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of calcium α-ketoglutarate in the preparation of feed additives.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a sheep feed.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in promoting the feeding of mutton sheep and accelerating the fattening process of mutton sheep.

[0011] α-ketoglutarate calcium is mixed evenly with the diet as a feed additive for feeding. α-ketoglutarate calcium can be purchased on the market or prepared by oneself, and the purity requirement is relatively high, at least above 90%. The additive dosage is based on adding 3-10g of α-ketoglutarate calcium salt to every 1kg of feed intake. For example, 2-5g, 5-7g, or 7-10g of α-ketoglutarate calcium salt is added to 1kg of basic diet. Feed intake refers to the amount of diet consumed by sheep in each meal.

[0012] When preparing the diet, the α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt additive can be mixed with other additional feed additives (such as sodium chloride, vitamins, mineral elements, etc.) in advance for use, then mixed with the concentrate, and finally mixed with roughage (such as corn silage, peanut vines, straw or other hay), and then it can be fed.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheep are Hu sheep, Boer goat, Boer goat, sheep, black goat, white goat, border Leicester sheep, Angora goat, Altai fine wool sheep, Tan sheep, Dexel sheep, Dorper sheep, Merino sheep, Coridae sheep, Saanen goat, Lincoln sheep, Wagjir sheep, Charolais sheep, Romney sheep, Blacknose sheep, white goat, Duolang sheep, Altai big-tailed sheep or Tibetan sheep. Those skilled in the art can expect that the feed additive provided by the present invention has the corresponding effect of promoting ram feeding growth or improving sheep immunity for other sheep, and is not limited to the above-mentioned sheep breeds.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, calcium α-ketoglutarate is used to promote feeding of male Hu sheep and accelerate the fattening process of male Hu sheep.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, calcium α-ketoglutarate is used to promote feeding of male Hu sheep in fattening period, improve growth performance and immunity of male Hu sheep in fattening period, and promote absorption of nutrients by male Hu sheep in fattening period.

[0016] Application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in the preparation of feed additives for promoting ram feeding and accelerating the fattening process of ram.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, calcium α-ketoglutarate is used in the preparation of a feed additive for promoting feeding of male Hu sheep and accelerating the fattening process of male Hu sheep.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, calcium α-ketoglutarate is used in the preparation of a feed additive for promoting feeding of male Hu sheep in fattening period, improving growth performance and immunity of male Hu sheep in fattening period, and promoting absorption of nutrients by male Hu sheep in fattening period.

[0019] As a further preference of the present invention, the application has at least one of the following:

[0020] (1) Calcium α-ketoglutarate promotes rams’ feeding, increases their average daily weight gain, and improves feed efficiency;

[0021] (2) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can promote the absorption of nutrients;

[0022] (3) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can regulate the concentration of bile acid and triglycerides in the blood;

[0023] (4) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can improve the immunity of rams;

[0024] (5) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen and improve nitrogen utilization.

[0025] The invention discloses a sheep feed which can promote the feeding of mutton sheep and accelerate the fattening process of mutton sheep and contains α-calcium ketoglutarate.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheep feed is prepared by adding 2-10 g of α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt to each kilogram of basic daily diet.

[0027] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, 2-5g, 5-7g or 7-10g of α-ketoglutarate calcium salt is added to each kilogram of the basic diet.

[0028] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basal diet is a total mixed diet, and the concentrate-to-roughage ratio of the diet is 7-5:3-5.

[0029] Beneficial effects:

[0030] The α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt involved in the present invention, as a calcium salt product of α-ketoglutaric acid, can not only perfectly exert the physiological function of α-ketoglutaric acid, but also has weak acidity and is slightly soluble in the acidic conditions of the rumen, has a similar "slow release" function, and is not easy to cause rumen acidosis. The calcium released at the same time also has a synergistic effect with α-ketoglutaric acid to promote bone development and regulate the calcium-phosphorus ratio, and promote the absorption and utilization of mineral elements.

[0031] The α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt used in the present invention can promote sheep feeding, increase the average daily growth of sheep, improve feed efficiency and shorten the fattening cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Blood biochemical parameters of male Hu sheep fed with α-ketoglutarate calcium salt DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods described are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials described can be obtained from public commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt used in the present invention and the dosage of the present invention were added to the fattening Hu sheep to increase the feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed utilization efficiency of the male Hu sheep, and the final weight was increased by nearly 10% compared with the Hu sheep of the same period. At the same time, the metabolism of the Hu sheep was improved.

[0036] 1 Materials and methods

[0037] 1.1 Experimental materials and animals

[0038] The experiment selected 24 fattening Hu sheep of 3 months old (12 male and 12 female lambs), and randomly divided them into two groups according to the principle of equal or similar weight and equal number of male and female lambs: control group (CON group), fed with basic diet; α-ketoglutarate calcium salt group (Ca-AKG group), fed with basic diet + 0.5% Ca-AKG (based on dry matter, added at 3-6g / kg feed), the experiment was divided into two weeks of pre-trial period and eight weeks of formal period. During the formal period, the feed intake of each sheep was measured for three consecutive days every week; blood samples were collected through the jugular vein three hours after morning feeding on the 28th and 56th days for analysis of blood biochemical indicators, and rumen fluid samples were collected using oral catheters for determination of rumen fermentation parameters; in the eighth week of the formal experiment, Hu sheep feces samples were collected for three consecutive days for subsequent nutrient digestibility determination.

[0039] 1.2 Experimental design

[0040] Twenty-four fattening Hu sheep (12 male and 12 female lambs) aged 3 months were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two groups according to the principle of equal or similar body weight and equal number of males and females: (1) CON group: fed with a basic diet without Ca-AKG; (2) TC group: fed with a basic diet + 0.5% Ca-AKG (based on dry matter). α-Ketoglutarate calcium salt was purchased from Shaanxi Xinpai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (purity ≥ 99%). All Hu sheep were kept in a 2 m × 4 m indoor pen with a wooden slat floor and unlimited access to water. The preparation of the basic diet was based on the "Standards for Feeding Meat Sheep" (Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, 2004), with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 6:4. The diet was provided in the form of a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed twice a day at 08:00 and 16:00, respectively, and 5-10% of the residual feed (based on the dry matter fed) was ensured. The trial lasted for 10 weeks, including a 2-week adaptation period and an 8-week formal trial period.

[0041] 1.3 Sample collection and analysis

[0042] Feed intake of Hu sheep was measured three consecutive days per week throughout the formal trial period. During each sampling period, corn silage, peanut vines, and concentrate were collected daily and mixed separately to form a weekly composite sample for chemical analysis. Taking into account the differences in the feed provided and the feed intake of different Hu sheep, corn silage DM and the amount of Hu sheep leftovers were evaluated weekly to support dietary adjustments when necessary.

[0043] Two days before the formal experiment, the fourth week of the formal period, and the last two days of the eighth week, the Hu sheep were in a fasting state before morning feeding and the initial, mid-term and final weights of the Hu sheep were measured using an electronic scale (Zhejiang, Rongcheng weight scale).

[0044] On the 28th and 56th days of the formal experiment, blood samples (10 ml) were collected from the jugular vein using a vacuum blood collection tube containing an anticoagulant (sodium heparin) 3 hours after eating in the morning. Serum was collected after centrifugation at 2,000 × g for 15 min at 25°C and stored at -20°C for further analysis.

[0045] During the final phase of the formal trial (days 44, 45, and 46), feces (30 g) were collected from each Hu sheep three times a day, morning, noon, and evening, and mixed to obtain a composite sample for each animal. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum for subsequent determination of fecal DM and nutrient digestibility.

[0046] On the 28th and 56th days of the formal experiment, rumen fluid samples were collected from each Hu sheep via oral catheter according to the method described by Shen et al. (2017). One sample was placed in a 15 ml centrifuge tube and stored at -20 °C for subsequent DNA sample extraction. The other sample was filtered through four layers of sterile gauze, and the pH was immediately measured using a pH meter (Ecoscan pH 5, Eutech Instruments, Singapore), and then stored at -20 °C for analysis of NH3-N and VFA concentrations.

[0047] Chemical analysis

[0048] To assess DM and nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility, composite samples of feed and feces were dried in a ventilated oven at 65 °C for 48 h, then pulverized using a grinder and passed through a 1 mm sieve. DM (method 950.15), ash (942.05), OM (DM-ash), CP (method 984.13, N × 6.25; Kjeldahl method), EE (method 920.39) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) content were determined according to AOAC (2000) methods. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were analyzed according to the method described by Van Soest et al. (1991)

[23] . The apparent digestibility of nutrients was calculated as follows:

[0049] Nutrient digestibility (%) = 100% - (% acid-insoluble ash content in feed / % acid-insoluble ash content in feces) * (% nutrient content in feces / % nutrient content in feed) * 100%

[0050] After thawing the rumen fluid samples, NH4Cl was used as the standard, and the NH3-N concentration was determined by colorimetry using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader. To measure rumen fermentation parameters, 0.2 ml of 25% HPO3 was added to 1 ml of rumen fluid. Subsequently, the content of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was determined using a gas chromatograph (7890A, Agilent, UK) according to the method described by Mao et al. (2008).

[0051] Data statistics and analysis

[0052] After simple data analysis of the experimental results using Excel 2024, analysis was performed using the general linear model (GLM) in SAS 8.2, and multiple comparisons were carried out using the Duncan method. A P value < 0.05 was considered significantly different, P < 0.01 was considered extremely significantly different, and 0.05 < P < 0.1 indicated a tendency for change.

[0053] 2 Results

[0054] 2.1 Growth performance

[0055] As shown in Table 1, there was an interaction effect of treatment * gender on the final body weight of Hu sheep (P = 0.04). Separate analysis found that compared with male and female Hu sheep in the control group, adding calcium α-ketoglutarate to the diet promoted the growth of male Hu sheep in the experimental group (P < 0.01), but had no significant effect on the growth of female Hu sheep. Compared with male Hu sheep in the control group, adding calcium α-ketoglutarate significantly increased the dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency of male Hu sheep in the experimental group, resulting in a significant increase in the final body weight of male Hu sheep (P < 0.05).

[0056] Table 1: Effects of calcium α-ketoglutarate on the growth performance of male and female Hu sheep

[0057]

[0058] 2.2 Blood biochemical indices

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, adding calcium α-ketoglutarate increased the concentrations of total protein (P <

[0060] 0.01), total bile acids (P = 0.092), and triglycerides (P < 0.01) in the experimental group of fattening male Hu sheep, and also increased the content of superoxide dismutase SOD (P < 0.01) in the serum.

[0061] 2.3 Determination of slaughter performance of male Hu sheep

[0062] As shown in the table below, compared with the male Hu sheep in the control group, calcium α-ketoglutarate increased the final body weight (P=0.029), carcass weight (P=0.047), rumen dry weight (P=0.037), rumen volume (P<0.01) and liver weight (P=0.024) of the male Hu sheep in the experimental group, but did not affect the slaughter rate of Hu sheep (P=0.548).

[0063]

[0064] 2.4 Rumen fermentation parameters are shown in the following table. Compared with the male Hu sheep in the control group, calcium α-ketoglutarate reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen of the male Hu sheep in the experimental group (P=0.01).

[0065]

[0066] Summary: Adding calcium α-ketoglutarate to the diet significantly improved the growth performance and immunity of male Hu sheep during the fattening period, and this is related to the fact that calcium α-ketoglutarate promotes Hu sheep's feeding and absorption of nutrients.

Claims

1. Application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in promoting feeding of rams and accelerating the fattening process of rams.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: Application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in promoting feeding of male Hu sheep and accelerating the fattening process of male Hu sheep.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calcium α-ketoglutarate is used to promote feeding of male Hu sheep in fattening period, improve growth performance and immunity of male Hu sheep in fattening period, and promote absorption of nutrients by male Hu sheep in fattening period.

4. The application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in the preparation of feed additives for promoting sheep feeding and accelerating the fattening process of sheep.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: Application of calcium α-ketoglutarate in the preparation of feed additives for promoting feeding of male Hu sheep and accelerating the fattening process of male Hu sheep.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: Calcium α-ketoglutarate is used in the preparation of feed additives for promoting feeding of male Hu sheep in fattening period, improving growth performance and immunity of male Hu sheep in fattening period, and promoting absorption of nutrients by male Hu sheep in fattening period.

7. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application has at least one of the following: (1) Calcium α-ketoglutarate promotes rams’ feeding, increases their average daily weight gain, and improves feed efficiency; (2) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can promote the absorption of nutrients; (3) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can regulate the concentration of bile acid and triglycerides in the blood; (4) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can improve the immunity of sheep; (5) Calcium α-ketoglutarate can reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen and improve nitrogen utilization.

8. A sheep feed for promoting rams to eat and accelerating the fattening process of mutton sheep, characterized in that Contains calcium alpha-ketoglutarate.

9. The sheep feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sheep feed is prepared by adding 2-10 g of α-ketoglutaric acid calcium salt to every kilogram of basic daily diet.

10. The sheep feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The basic diet is a total mixed diet with a concentrate-to-roughage ratio of 7-5:3-5.

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