Fuel pipeline, micro-premixing combustion chamber and turbine engine

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel pipeline, a micro-premixing combustion chamber and a turbine engine, and relates to the technical field of aerospace. The fuel pipeline comprises a fuel gas inlet pipe, a fuel gas branch pipe, a fuel gas spray pipe and a combustion-supporting gas channel; a plurality of gas inlet ends of the gas branch pipes are communicated with a plurality of gas outlets of the gas inlet pipe in a one-to-one manner, and the gas branch pipes are arranged around the gas inlet pipe and form a plurality of layers of polygonal micro-premixing branch pipe units which are connected with one another and are distributed from inside to outside; the combustion-supporting gas channels are communicated with the micro-premixing combustion chamber, each combustion-supporting gas channel is provided with a plurality of gas inlet inlets distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the combustion-supporting gas channel, and each micro-premixing branch pipe unit is provided with one combustion-supporting gas channel in a surrounding mode and is communicated with the gas inlet inlets in the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel in a one-to-one mode through a plurality of gas spraying pipes. The hydrogen fuel pipeline structure of the micro-premixing combustion chamber is improved, uniform air inlet of fuel at the head of the micro-premixing hydrogen fuel combustion chamber is achieved, and it can be guaranteed that the equivalence ratio of each micro-premixing unit is not too high or too low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a fuel pipeline, a micro-premixed combustion chamber and a turbine engine. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel is a promising clean renewable energy source. The advantages and potential of using hydrogen fuel in aviation and gas turbine power are emerging. However, from the perspective of combustion performance, hydrogen fuel has a high mass calorific value and a high adiabatic flame temperature. Under the same equivalence ratio, the combustion temperature of the main combustion zone of the combustion chamber using hydrogen fuel is higher than that of the main combustion zone of the combustion chamber using aviation kerosene, which will lead to more thermal NO x generate.

[0003] Premixed combustion is currently one of the most suitable ways to adapt to pure hydrogen low-pollution combustion. Premixed combustion can effectively reduce the generation of local hot spots. It fully mixes hydrogen and air before combustion, which can effectively avoid the concentration of hydrogen concentration and the generation of stoichiometric combustion areas, thereby reducing the formation of local hot spots during the combustion process, and then reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. However, due to the extremely fast flame propagation speed of pure hydrogen combustion, the risk of flashback in premixed combustion is very high, which is not friendly to the combustion chamber of aircraft engines. Therefore, micro-premixed combustion technology came into being, which disperses hydrogen fuel into multiple strands and mixes them with air through a swirl-free direct injection structure.

[0004] Existing hydrogen fueled gas turbine engine combustors are used to reduce NO x Emissions are mostly achieved by micro-premixing combustion organization. Micro-mixing precombustion is a method of reducing the mixing scale of fuel and air flow and using a large number of micro-premixing channels to enhance mixing uniformity and achieve low NO x Combustion technology. Taking the typical micro-premixed combustion injector designed by NASA as an example, its injection device consists of an air ring channel and a hydrogen fuel ring channel installed concentrically; the hydrogen injection hole is arranged in the air injection hole, and a separate hydrogen injector is arranged in each gas slot to achieve symmetrical mixing of air and hydrogen. However, this structural design has disadvantages: a large number of micro-premixed channels have complex structures and bring about flow uniformity problems. Due to reasons such as flow velocity and flow loss, there are significant differences in the flow of microchannels at different positions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel pipeline, a micro-premixed combustion chamber and a turbine engine, aiming to reduce the structural complexity of the fuel pipeline, improve the uniformity of flow distribution, and reduce the difference between microchannel flows at different positions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a fuel pipeline, including a gas intake pipe, a gas branch pipe, a gas nozzle and a combustion-supporting gas channel;

[0007] The gas inlet pipe has one end suitable for introducing combustible gas, and the other end is provided with a plurality of gas outlets arranged at intervals along its circumference;

[0008] The gas branch pipe has a plurality of gas inlet ends, the plurality of gas inlet ends of the gas branch pipe are connected one-to-one with the plurality of gas outlets of the gas inlet pipe, and the gas branch pipe is arranged around the gas inlet pipe to form a plurality of multi-layer polygonal micro-premixing branch pipe units that are connected to each other and distributed from the inside to the outside;

[0009] The combustion-supporting gas channel has one end suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas, and the other end suitable for connecting with a micro-premixing combustion chamber. Each of the combustion-supporting gas channels is provided with a plurality of air intake inlets arranged at intervals along its circumference. Each of the micro-premixing branch pipe units surrounds a combustion-supporting gas channel and is connected one-to-one with the plurality of air intake inlets on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel through a plurality of the gas nozzles.

[0010] Optionally, the micro-premixing branch unit is in a regular hexagon; and / or

[0011] The number of the gas nozzles between the micro-premixing branch pipe units in the innermost layer and the corresponding combustion-supporting gas channels is less than the number of the gas nozzles between the micro-premixing branch pipe units in other layers and the corresponding combustion-supporting gas channels.

[0012] Optionally, the diameter of the gas inlet pipe is 4-7 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the diameter of the gas branch pipe is 1-2 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the diameter of the gas nozzle is less than or equal to 0.6 mm.

[0015] Optionally, the gas branch pipe and the gas nozzle are located on the same axial section.

[0016] Optionally, the combustion-supporting gas channel is in the shape of a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a dodecahedron or a cylinder.

[0017] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the combustion-supporting gas channel is 3-5 mm2.

[0018] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a micro-premixed combustion chamber, comprising a fuel pipeline as described above, wherein the fuel pipeline comprises a gas intake pipe, a gas branch pipe, a gas nozzle and a combustion-supporting gas channel; the gas intake pipe, one end of which is suitable for introducing combustible gas, and the other end is provided with a plurality of air outlets arranged at intervals along its circumference; the gas branch pipe has a plurality of intake ends, and the plurality of intake ends of the gas branch pipe are connected one-to-one with the plurality of air outlets of the gas intake pipe, and the gas branch pipe is arranged around the gas intake pipe to form a plurality of multi-layer polygonal micro-premixed branch pipe units which are connected to each other and distributed from the inside to the outside; the combustion-supporting gas channel, one end of which is suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas, and the other end of which is suitable for connecting with the micro-premixed combustion chamber, each of which is provided with a plurality of intake inlets arranged at intervals along its circumference, and each of the micro-premixed branch pipe units surrounds a combustion-supporting gas channel and is connected one-to-one with the plurality of intake inlets on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel through a plurality of gas nozzles.

[0019] To achieve the above object, the present invention also proposes a turbine engine comprising the above-mentioned micro-premixed combustion chamber.

[0020] In the technical solution of the present invention, the fuel pipeline includes a gas inlet pipe, a gas branch pipe, a gas nozzle and a combustion-supporting gas channel; the gas inlet pipe, one end of which is suitable for introducing combustible gas, and the other end is provided with a plurality of air outlets arranged at intervals along its circumference; the gas branch pipe has a plurality of air inlet ends, and the plurality of air inlet ends of the gas branch pipe are connected one-to-one with the plurality of air outlets of the gas inlet pipe, and the gas branch pipe is arranged around the gas inlet pipe to form a plurality of multi-layer polygonal micro-premixing branch pipe units which are connected to each other and distributed from the inside to the outside; the combustion-supporting gas channel, one end of which is suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas, and the other end is suitable for connecting with a micro-premixing combustion chamber, each combustion-supporting gas channel is provided with a plurality of air inlet inlets arranged at intervals along its circumference, and each micro-premixing branch pipe unit surrounds a combustion-supporting gas channel and is connected one-to-one with the plurality of air inlet inlets on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel through a plurality of gas nozzles. It can be understood that the present invention improves the hydrogen fuel pipeline structure of the micro-premixed combustion chamber, realizes uniform intake of fuel at the head of the micro-premixed hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, and ensures that the equivalence ratio of each micro-premixed unit is not too high or too low.

[0021] In the present invention, the micro-premixing branch pipe units are arranged in a polygonal manner, and the deflection angle is moderate. Even at a higher fuel equivalence ratio, the unevenness of the outer micro-premixing branch pipe units can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing pollutant emissions. Taking a single-head combustion chamber at an equivalence ratio of 0.5 as an example, the conventional hydrogen pipeline NO x The emission is higher than 200ppm, while the NO x Emissions are less than 20ppm, significantly reducing the overall NO in the combustion chamber at high equivalence ratios x emission.

[0022] In the present invention, the outermost micro-premixing branch pipe unit is connected to eliminate the hydrogen nozzle on the side of the innermost circle unit body close to the hydrogen inlet pipe, thereby avoiding the occurrence of excessively high equivalence ratio units.

[0023] In the present invention, all hydrogen fuel branch pipes and hydrogen fuel nozzles are on the same profile, the structure is relatively simple, the processing is relatively convenient, and the manufacturing cost is lower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a fuel pipeline of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of fuel flow direction of a fuel pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A front view of an embodiment of a fuel pipeline of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fuel pipeline and a micro-premixed combustion chamber having the same according to the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fuel pipeline and a micro-premixed combustion chamber having the same according to the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 6 The structure of the fuel pipeline and the micro-premixed combustion chamber with the same according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 7 The structure of the fuel pipeline and the micro-premixed combustion chamber with the same according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0032] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0033] 10. Gas inlet pipe; 20. Gas branch pipe; 30. Gas nozzle; 40. Combustion-supporting gas channel; 10a. Gas outlet; 210. Micro-premixing branch pipe unit; 100. Micro-premixing combustion chamber; 40a. Gas inlet.

[0034] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text is to include three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, or solution B, or a solution that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0039] The present invention provides a fuel pipeline.

[0040] Reference Figures 1 to 7In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel pipeline includes a gas inlet pipe 10, a gas branch pipe 20, a gas nozzle 30 and a combustion-supporting gas channel 40; the gas inlet pipe 10 has one end suitable for introducing combustible gas, and the other end is provided with a plurality of gas outlets 10a arranged at intervals along its circumference; the gas branch pipe 20 has a plurality of gas inlet ends, and the plurality of gas inlet ends of the gas branch pipe 20 are connected one-to-one with the plurality of gas outlets 10a of the gas inlet pipe 10, and the gas branch pipe 20 is arranged around the gas inlet pipe 10 to form a A plurality of multi-layer polygonal micro-premixing branch pipe units 210 connected to each other and distributed from the inside to the outside; a combustion-supporting gas channel 40, one end of which is suitable for introducing the combustion-supporting gas, and the other end is suitable for communicating with the micro-premixing combustion chamber 100, each combustion-supporting gas channel 40 is provided with a plurality of air intake inlets 40a arranged at intervals along its circumference, and each micro-premixing branch pipe unit 210 surrounds a combustion-supporting gas channel 40 and is connected to the plurality of air intake inlets 40a on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel 40 one-to-one through a plurality of gas nozzles 30. The following will be described in detail by taking hydrogen as the combustible gas and air as the combustion-supporting gas as an example, which does not mean that the design of the present invention is only applicable to the micro-premixing of hydrogen and air.

[0041] In this embodiment, the micro-premixing branch unit 210 can be in the shape of a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, an octagon, etc. Any shape that can avoid the straight flow of hydrogen and can also achieve the purpose of reducing and improving the uniformity of the flow rate can be used, preferably a regular hexagon, which is not limited here.

[0042] It can be understood that the present invention improves the hydrogen fuel pipeline structure of the micro-premixed combustion chamber 100, realizes uniform intake of fuel at the head of the micro-premixed hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, and ensures that the equivalence ratio of each micro-premixed unit is not too high or too low.

[0043] In one embodiment, mainly referring to Figures 1 to 3 The number of gas nozzles 30 between the innermost micro-premixing branch pipe unit 210 and its corresponding combustion-supporting gas channel 40 is less than the number of gas nozzles 30 between the micro-premixing branch pipe units 210 and their corresponding combustion-supporting gas channels 40 in other layers. In this way, the difference between the micro-channel flow rates at different positions can be further reduced.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, when the micro-premixing branch pipe unit 210 is a regular hexagon, the gas flow direction is that after the hydrogen fuel enters from the gas inlet pipe 10, it diffuses outward to the gas branch pipes 20 in six directions, and the gas branch pipe 20 in each direction continues to fork into two hydrogen branch pipe passages with an angle of 120° (deflection angle) to each other, and so on, the hydrogen enters the corresponding combustion-supporting gas channel 40 through each layer of the gas nozzle 30, until it reaches the outermost circle gas branch pipe 20 and enters the outermost layer of the gas nozzle 30. In the combustion-supporting gas channel 40, the air is evenly mixed with the hydrogen from the six gas nozzles 30 (some units close to the center have less than 6 nozzle holes, the purpose of which is to further reduce the difference between the microchannel flow rates at different positions), and finally enters the chamber behind the channel for combustion.

[0045] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The diameter of the gas inlet pipe 10 can be 4-7 mm, the diameter of the gas branch pipe 20 can be 1-2 mm, and the diameter of the gas nozzle 30 can be less than or equal to 0.6 mm. In this way, the micro-premixing effect of the fuel pipeline can be further improved, and the cost is low.

[0046] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 5 The gas branch pipe 20 and the gas nozzle 30 are on the same axial section. This arrangement allows all hydrogen fuel branch pipes and hydrogen fuel nozzles to be on the same profile, with a relatively simple structure, more convenient processing, and lower manufacturing cost.

[0047] In one embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 3 The shape of the combustion-supporting gas channel 40 is a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a dodecagonal prism or a cylinder, etc., which is not limited here. When the shape of the combustion-supporting gas channel 40 is a hexagonal prism, the cross-sectional area of ​​the combustion-supporting gas channel 40 is preferably 3-5 mm2. In this way, it is helpful to further improve the micro-premixing effect, improve the aesthetics, and reduce the complexity of the structure.

[0048] In summary, the present invention utilizes a relatively simple regular hexagonal structure to arrange the hydrogen fuel pipeline, achieving uniform intake of the fuel at the head of the micro-premixed hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, and ensuring that the equivalence ratio of each micro-premixed unit is not too high or too low. In the present invention, the micro-premixed branch pipe unit 210 is arranged in a polygonal manner, and the deflection angle is moderate. Even at a higher fuel equivalence ratio, the unevenness of the outer micro-premixed branch pipe unit 210 can be effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing pollutant emissions. Taking a single head combustion chamber at an equivalence ratio of 0.5 as an example, the conventional hydrogen pipeline NO x The emission is higher than 200ppm, while the NO x Emissions are less than 20ppm, significantly reducing the overall NO in the combustion chamber at high equivalence ratios xThe outermost micro-premixing branch pipe unit 210 is connected to eliminate the hydrogen nozzle on the innermost unit body close to the hydrogen intake pipe, avoiding the appearance of excessively high equivalent ratio units. All hydrogen fuel branches and hydrogen fuel nozzles are on the same surface, with a relatively simple structure, convenient processing and lower manufacturing cost.

[0049] The present invention also provides a micro-premixed combustion chamber 100, referring to Figures 4 to 7 The micro-premixed combustion chamber 100 includes a fuel pipeline. The specific structure of the fuel pipeline refers to the above embodiment. Since the micro-premixed combustion chamber 100 proposed in the present invention includes all schemes of all embodiments of the above fuel pipeline, it has at least the same technical effects as the above fuel pipeline, which are not elaborated here one by one.

[0050] The present invention also provides a turbine engine, referring to Figures 4 to 7 The turbine engine includes a micro-premixed combustion chamber 100. The specific structure of the micro-premixed combustion chamber 100 refers to the above-mentioned embodiment. Since the turbine engine proposed in the present invention includes all schemes of all embodiments of the above-mentioned micro-premixed combustion chamber 100, it has at least the same technical effects as the above-mentioned micro-premixed combustion chamber 100, which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0051] The above descriptions are only optional embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel pipeline, characterized in that: It includes a gas inlet pipe, a gas branch pipe, a gas nozzle and a combustion-supporting gas channel; The gas inlet pipe has one end suitable for introducing combustible gas, and the other end is provided with a plurality of gas outlets arranged at intervals along its circumference; The gas branch pipe has a plurality of gas inlet ends, the plurality of gas inlet ends of the gas branch pipe are connected one-to-one with the plurality of gas outlets of the gas inlet pipe, and the gas branch pipe is arranged around the gas inlet pipe to form a plurality of multi-layer polygonal micro-premixing branch pipe units that are connected to each other and distributed from the inside to the outside; The combustion-supporting gas channel has one end suitable for introducing combustion-supporting gas, and the other end suitable for connecting with a micro-premixing combustion chamber. Each of the combustion-supporting gas channels is provided with a plurality of air intake inlets arranged at intervals along its circumference. Each of the micro-premixing branch pipe units surrounds a combustion-supporting gas channel and is connected one-to-one with the plurality of air intake inlets on the periphery of the combustion-supporting gas channel through a plurality of the gas nozzles.

2. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The micro-premixing branch pipe unit is in the shape of a regular hexagon; and / or The number of the gas nozzles between the micro-premixing branch pipe units in the innermost layer and the corresponding combustion-supporting gas channels is less than the number of the gas nozzles between the micro-premixing branch pipe units in other layers and the corresponding combustion-supporting gas channels.

3. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the gas inlet pipe is 4-7 mm.

4. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the gas branch pipe is 1-2 mm.

5. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the gas nozzle is less than or equal to 0.6 mm.

6. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The gas branch pipe and the gas nozzle are located on the same axial section.

7. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The shape of the combustion-supporting gas channel is a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a dodecagonal prism or a cylinder.

8. The fuel pipeline according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross-sectional area of ​​the combustion-supporting gas channel is 3-5 mm 2 .

9. A micro-premixed combustion chamber, characterized in that: Comprising the fuel pipeline as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A turbine engine, characterized in that: It comprises the micro-premixed combustion chamber as claimed in claim 9.

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