Self-adapting air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system with gas-water-heat synergistic management and control method

The adaptive air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system with gas-water-heat synergistic management adopts bidirectional gas supply switching at the anode and adaptive temperature and humidity control at the cathode, which solves the problems of anode water flooding and nitrogen accumulation in traditional air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell systems, improves the adaptability to the full temperature range environment and system efficiency, and achieves stable stack performance.

CN121282245BActive Publication Date: 2026-02-13DALIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511850608.8
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-12-10
Publication Date
2026-02-13
Estimated Expiration
2045-12-10

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Traditional air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell systems are insufficient in fulfilling the triple coupling of reactant supply, waste heat removal, and membrane electrode hydration regulation on the cathode side. This leads to problems such as water flooding and nitrogen accumulation on the anode side. Furthermore, cold starts are difficult in low-temperature environments, and the risk of membrane electrode drying out is exacerbated in high-temperature environments. The system cannot adapt to complex and variable working environments.

Method used

An adaptive air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system employing gas-water-thermal synergistic management includes an anode gas supply subsystem, a cathode gas supply and thermal management subsystem, a gas-liquid separation and recovery subsystem, and an electronic control subsystem. Through bidirectional anode gas supply switching and adaptive cathode temperature and humidity control, the system coordinates anode gas supply, cathode temperature and humidity, and heat dissipation strategies to achieve synergistic optimization of gas, water, and thermal management.

Benefits of technology

It effectively solves the problems of anode flooding and nitrogen accumulation, improves the adaptability of the whole temperature range environment, shortens the cold start time, realizes the stable operation and efficient cooling of the system, and improves the overall efficiency and reliability of the system.

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Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell system with gas-water thermal cooperative management and a control method. The system comprises an anode gas supply subsystem, a cathode gas supply and thermal management subsystem, an auxiliary heat dissipation cooling subsystem, an electric control subsystem and a tail exhaust device. The anode gas supply subsystem adopts comparison of average voltage value of single stack, pressure difference value of anode inlet and outlet and online continuous monitoring of high-frequency impedance value to monitor and execute anode bidirectional gas supply switching. The cathode gas supply and thermal management subsystem intelligently switches evaporation cooling and waste heat recovery modes according to environmental conditions and stack state, realizes the ability of heating cathode inlet gas in low-temperature environment and cooling inlet gas in high-temperature environment, and recycles tail exhaust water through a gas-liquid separation and recycling subsystem. The present application realizes stable operation in full-temperature range, improves stack output performance and service life, and is suitable for portable power sources, unmanned aerial vehicles, backup power sources and commercial vehicle auxiliary power sources.
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